8 


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MARY  H.  FULTON 

M.D.,  SC.D 


DR.    AND    MRS.    FONG    SEC    AT    THE    TIME    OF 
THEIR    MARRIAGE 


"INASMUCH' 


EXTRACTS  FROM  LETTERS,  JOUR- 
NALS, PAPERS,  ETC. 


/ 


By 


MARY  H.   FULTON,  M.D.,   SC.D. 


'8? 


Published  by 

The  Central  Committee 

ON  THE  United  Study  of  Foreign  Missions 

West  Medford,  Mass. 


To 

My  Nephews  and  Nieces 

IN 

China  and  America 


''And  as  ye  go,  preach  saying, 
The  Kingdom  of  Heaven  is  at  hand. 
Heal  the  sick,  cleanse  the  lepers. 
Raise  the  dead,  cast  out  devils; 
Freely  ye  have  received,  freely  give." 
Matthew  10:8 


''Inasmuch  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  one  of 
these  the  least  of  my  brethren,  ye  have  done 
it  unto  me." 

Matthew  25:40 


Qontents 


PAGE 

Foreword               -             _             _             _ 

4 

Chapter      I.— To  the  Heart  of  the  Orient 

7 

Chapter     1 1. —Canton       - 

-      29 

Chapter  III.— The  Hospital  at  Last       - 

-      50 

Chapter   IV.— Medical  College  and  Nurses  School       70 
Chapter     V. — Recognition  and  Progress  -       %7 

Chapter   VI.— The   Closing  Years  -  -     104 


Foreword 


WHILE  lingering  in  Pasadena  this  winter  we 
learned  that  a  distinguished  medical  mission- 
ary, Dr.  Mary  Fulton,  whose  work  I  had  seen 
in  the  Medical  School  in  Canton,  China,  was  living  in 
Pasadena.  We  hastened  to  make  a  pilgrimage  to  her 
home  where  she  is  living  with  her  brother,  Dr.  Albert 
Fulton,  and  his  wife. 

CFDr.  Mary  Fulton  had  met  with  a  serious  accident 
J  which  resulted  in  lameness  and  confined  her  to  her 
chair  or  bed.  She  met  us,  however,  with  her  old  vivac- 
ity and  charm,  and  we  had  a  delightful  afternoon. 

I  learned  that  she,  with  indomitable  perseverance, 
under  many  difficulties,  was  writing  the  story  of 
her  Hfe  and  work  in  China  for  her  nephews  and  nieces, 
with  no  thought  of  publication.  She  allowed  me  to 
read  the  manuscript  which  was  gladly  accepted  with  the 
permission  of  the  Central  Committee  on  the  United 
Study  of  Foreign  Missions,  and  which  appears  here 
in  this  little  book.  Not  to  publish  a  valuable  record  of 
one  of  the  first  of  our  women  doctors  to  adventure  in 
medical  missions  in  China  would  be  a  serious  mistake. 

CFDr.  Mary  Fulton  laid  great  foundations,  planning 
J  that  when  her  work  should  cease  the  enterprise 
should  be  carried  on  by  Christian  Chinese  women  doc- 
tors whom  she  helped  to  train.  She  established  this 
first  medical  school  for  women  in  China,  with  the  co- 
operation of  her  own  Woman's  Foreign  Missionary 
Society    of    the    Presbyterian    Church.      Funds    were 


furnished  by  such  friends  as  Mrs.  Charles  Turner, 
David  Gregg  and  E.  A.  K.  Hackett.  Dr.  Fulton  asso- 
ciated with  her  able  co-workers  who  now  carry  on  the 
school.  Her  graduates  are  scattered  over  China  doing 
remarkably  good  work. 

Cfln  addition  to  her  medical  work  and  the  training  of 
J  doctors  Dr.  Fulton  has  translated  some  of  the  most 
valuable  medical  books,  including  "The  Feeding  and 
Care  of  Infants"  by  Dr.  Emmett  Holt,  and  a  book  on 
surgery. 

CTAs  Dr.  Fulton  rests  after  her  forty  years  of  toil  her 
J  heart  is  continually  with  the  work  of  the  Hackett 
Medical  School  in  Canton.  She  has  laid  down  her  life 
in  the  service,  and  prays  now  that  others  will  be  ready 
to  go  and  that  many  will  be  ready  to  give  for  the  needs 
of  this  institution.  Surely,  there  are  those  with  wealth 
who  might  spare  the  comparatively  small  amount 
needed  to  put  this  school  on  a  permanent  foundation 
and  enable  the  work  of  this  brave  woman  to  go  on 
until  China  has  received  the  message  of  the  Great 
Physician  from  these  Christian  Chinese  doctors  and 
nurses  who  are  following  in  His  footsteps. 

I|  The  story  is  a  thrilling  one  and  through  it  all  runs 
J  the  thread  of  humor  which  enabled  this  brave 
woman  to  ''carry  on"  through  all  discouragements. 
We  are  glad  to  make  it  possible  for  women  who  study 
China  this  year  to  review  these  interesting  chapters. 
Let  us  use  the  story  as  widely  as  possible  in  connection 
with  our  study  of  China  through  Mrs.  Gamewell's 
book  this  year. 

Central  Committee  on  United 

Study  of  Foreign  Missions 

Lucy  W.  Peabody,  Chairman. 


Printed  hy 

North  Shore  Press,  Inc. 

Manchester,  Mass. 


To  the  Heart  of  the  Orient 

En  Route,  From  Ashland,  Ohio  To 
Canton,  China 

Topeka,  Kansas, 

September  3,  1884. 

MY  DEAR  MOTHER: 
By  this  time  you  have,  doubtless,  received  my 
unsatisfactory  postal-cards.    Cousin  Jennie  will 

tell  you  of  our  visit  in  Indianapolis.    Mrs.  W came 

down  to  the  station,  bringing  me  a  basket  of  fruit,  a 
bunch  of  exquisite  roses.  At  Kansas  City  I  parted  from 
Brother  Harmon.  On  my  arrival  here  Eugenia  met  me. 
We  have  spent  many  delightful  hours  driving  about 
and  talking  over  College  days.  Eugenia's  older  brother, 
who  has  been  four  years  in  Europe,  has  just  returned 
to  accept  the  Chair  of  Mathematics  in  Princeton. 

6^.  6'.  Tokio, 
Pacific  Ocean, 

September  22. 
Saturday,   about  three   o'clock   this   steamer  majes- 
tically receded  from  the  wharf,  where  a  dozen  friends 

waved  good-by  to  me.    One  was  Miss  G from  Mills 

Seminary  who  had  sent  to  my  state-room  four  baskets 

7 


8  INASMUCH 

of  delicious  grapes ;  some  of  the  bunches  were  a  foot 
long.  There  were  also  limes  and  lemons.  I  appreciated 
them  after  two  days  sea-sickness. 

The  steamer  is  four  hundred  twenty- four  feet  long. 
Its  storage  capacity  is  five  thousand  tons.  Captain 
Mowrey  is  Commander.  When  the  Tokio  was  built 
there  were  only  one  or  two  larger  in  the  world.  On 
the  Atlantic  there  are  now  several  five  hundred,  or 
more,  feet  long. 

The  present  cargo  is  flour,  seventeen  thousand  bar- 
rels. The  charge  is  one  dollar  a  barrel  for  transporta- 
tion. 

All  the  servants  are  Chinese.  The  "maid",  who  at- 
tends to  our  state-rooms,  is  a  man. 

The  dining-room  is  large  and  pleasant.  There  are 
twenty  cabin  passengers  and  many  Chinese  who  are 
returning  to  their  native  land. 

It  has  been  most  pleasant  for  me  to  find  amongst  the 
passengers,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Shaw,  missionaries  returning 
to  Japan  with  their  three  bright  boys. 

We  are  experiencing  rough  weather.  Great  waves 
occasionally  break  over  the  deck.  Last  night  the  ship 
rolled  so  violently  I  could  scarcely  keep  in  my  berth. 
This  morning  in  the  middle  of  the  floor  lay  pillows, 
life-preserver,  satchel,  lemons,  boxes,  bundles,  and  the 
carpet,  which  the  trunks  had  dragged  from  the  fasten- 
ings, as  they  slid  from  side  to  side. 

Sharks,  sea-gulls,  and  an  occasional  far-off  sail  are 
all  the  Hfe  we  have  seen.     So,  alone  we  go  rolling, 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT         9 

plunging,    ploughing    our    way    toward    the    eagerly 
watched- for  shore.     Which  reminds  me,  that 
"My  bark  is  wafted  from  the  strand 

By  breath  divine, 
And  on  the  helm  there  rests  a  hand 

Other  than  mine. 
One  who  has  known  in  storms  to  sail 

I  have  on  board. 
Above  the  raging  of  the  gale, 

I  have  my  Lord. 
He  holds  me  when  the  billows  smite; 

I  shall  not  fall. 
If  sharp,   'tis  short;   if   long,   'tis   light; 
He  tempers  all." 
After  nineteen  days   of   tossing  over  this   vast   ex- 
panse of  water,  when  there  seemed  nothing  nearer  than 
the  sky,  we  see  in  the  distance  the  snow-crowned  top 
of  Fuji-San,  Japan,  thirteen  thousand  feet  high. 

On  an  island  at  our  left,  is  the  active  volcano  of 

Oshima.    The  clouds  of  rising  smoke  are  plainly  visible. 

Fishing- junks  begin  to  appear.    On  our  right  are  the 

terraced  hills  of  the  coast.     Now  we  are  entering  the 

bay  at  Yokohama. 

"Our  boisterous  entrance  seems  like  an  intrusion  on 
sleeping  Asia." 

212  Bluff,  Yokohama. 
It  was  shocking  to  be  drawn  through  the  streets  by 
a  practically  unclothed  human  being  (save  for  a  narrow 
strip  of   cloth).     The  jinricki-sha   resembles   a  baby- 


10  INASMUCH 

carriage.     Mr.   S kindly  gave  directions   for  my 

being  taken  out  to  Miss  Crosby's  school  up  here  on  the 
bluff.  The  school  has  been  established  thirteen  years. 
About  sixty  young  ladies  are  at  present  receiving  in- 
struction. They  appear  polite,  gentle  and  happy.  Some 
speak  English  fluently.  It  was  delightful  to  hear  them 
singing  our  hymns  v^^hen  they  assembled  for  worship. 

Mrs.  Hepburn  drove  over.  I  accompanied  her  to 
her  home  where  I  met  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Happer  who  are 
returning  to  Canton. 

Dr.  Hepburn  has  been  in  Japan  twenty-five  years. 
He  gave  up  his  medical  work  in  order  to  devote  his 
time  to  the  translation  of  the  Scriptures  into  Japanese. 

China  Sea. 

We  are  fast  flying  toward  Hong  Kong  with  all  our 
''ship's  wings"  spread  to  the  breeze. 

Hong  Kong,  China. 

Victoria,  on  the  island  of  Hong  Kong,  is  beautiful 
for  situation.  As  we  slowly  steamed  into  the  harbor 
where  were  ships  from  all  over  the  world,  we  could 
note  the  fine,  substantial  residences  of  the  British,  built 
along  the  smooth  roads  that  wind  around  the  sides 
of  the  island  up  to  its  summit,  nineteen  hundred  feet 
high.  Later,  we  found  this  height  made  easily  accessible 
by  tram-cars.  The  island  is  about  twenty-seven  miles 
in  circumference.  It  has  a  small  park  which  is  fine 
and  valuable,  with  its  palms,  strange  trees,  flowers, 
fountains  and  shaded  walks. 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        11 

You  remember  the  advice,  **See  Naples  and  die."  To 
that  I  should  add,  "Not  until  you  have  seen  Hong 
Kong  where  you  will  wish  to  spend  the  remainder  of 
your  life." 

When  riding  in  a  jinricki-sha  pulled  by  a  man,  I 
thought  it  the  greatest  of  novelties,  but  I  found  a 
greater  one  when  I  was  placed  in  a  sedan  chair,  deftly 
raised  from  the  ground  by  two  stalwart  Chinese  and 
borne  swiftly  from  the  wharf  to  the  home  of  one  of  the 
London  missionaries. 

Here  I  learned  that  the  day  before  a  riot  had  occurred 
occasioned  by  the  Chinese  refusing  to  work  for  the 
French.  When  the  latter  tried  compulsion,  the  Chinese 
stoned  them.  A  new  missionary  who  had  just  arrived 
from  England  was  caught  in  the  fray  and  severely  in- 
jured. 

Annam  had  been  a  tributary  state  to  China.  When 
trouble  arose  between  it  and  France,  Annam  besought 
China's  help.  In  1884  the  Chinese  "regulars"  fought 
the  French  in  Tonking,  thus  involving  China  in  war. 
Hence  the  ill-feeling  and  riot. 

Pearl  (Canton)  River. 
The  trip  up  the  river  from  Hong  Kong  to  Canton, 
ninety  miles  distant,  occupied  about  eight  hours.  A 
thousand  Chinese  were  on  board.  The  times  must  be 
turbulent.  A  man  stood  all  day  at  the  hatch-way  with 
a  drawn  sword,  ready  to  strike  down  the  first  Chinaman 
forcing  his  way  up  on  the  deck.  In  the  dining-room 
were  numbers  of  stacked  guns. 


12  INASMUCH 

The  river  was  so  filled  with  torpedoes  that  we  had  to 
take  on  a  pilot  to  guide  us  through  them.  The  scenery 
was  refreshing.  There  are  vast  rice  fields,  banana, 
banyan,  peach  and  li-chi  trees. 

I  saw  my  first  pagoda  as  we  neared  Whampo,  twelve 
miles  from  Canton.  From  the  city  itself,  two  more 
loomed  into  sight.  Dr.  Happer  told  me  there  are  about 
two  thousand  in  China.  They  were  introduced  from 
India  in  connection  with  Buddhistic  faith  and  are 
supposed  to  bring  down  good  luck  upon  the  near  city  or 
town  and  to  ward  off  evil  influences.  They  are  from 
three  to  thirteen  stories  in  height ;  always  an  odd  num- 
ber. 

As  we  slowly  steamed  past  the  four  miles  of  river 
frontage,  Canton  seemed  to  be  simply  a  mass  of  monot- 
onous houses  of  the  same  height ;  windowless ;  red  tile- 
roofs  without  chimneys.  On  the  banks  are  tiny  houses 
built  on  poles,  home  of  the  boat-people. 

A  small  island  called  Shameen,  where  the  British  and 
French  reside,  appeared  refreshingly  attractive  as  the 
residences  showed  amidst  the  abundant  foliage 

Canton,  China. 
When  the  boat  anchored.  Brother  Albert  met  me. 
Soon  we  reached  his  house  across  the  canal.  The  "new 
sister"  came  flying  down  the  crooked  stairs  and  gave 
me  a  cordial  welcome.  Then  she  and  Albert  proudly 
conducted  me  to  the  room  in  wdiich  baby  Edith  lay  fast 
asleep  on  the  ahmah's  (nurse's)  shoulder.  Florence 
then  conducted  me  over  the  quaint  house  and  to  my 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        13 

room.  On  the  walls  were  a  huge  spider  and  a  lizard. 
Florence  remarked  that  the  spiders  were  useful  in  catch- 
ing the  mosquitoes,  and  the  lizards  ate  the  spiders ! 

It  has  been  delightful  to  meet  our  missionaries,  our 
Consul,  our  officers  from  the  gun-boats,  the  wives  of 
the  merchants  who  live  on  Shameen,  etc.  I  am  surprised 
to  find  so  mau}^  charming  people  in  this  part  of  the 
world. 

As  Dr.  Mary  Niles  is  the  only  other  lady  physician 
in  this  province  I  was  keenly  anxious  to  meet  her.  She 
kindly  called  and  invited  me  to  the  Canton  Hospital  to 
some  important  operations.  Here  I  met  Dr.  John  Kerr, 
famous  as  a  surgeon.  He  is  in  charge  of  this  hospital, 
the  largest  in  China.  There  is  room  for  about  three 
hundred  patients.  No  charge  is  made  for  those  too 
poor  to  pay.  Over  twenty  thousand  out-patients  are 
treated  during  the  year,  and  two  thousand  operations 
performed. 

A  few  days  ago  Dr.  Niles  asked  me  to  accompany 
her  to  the  home  of  one  of  her  patients.  A  woman 
physician  means  much  to  the  women  of  China,  as 
they  refuse  to  allow  a  man  to  attend  them.  This  pa- 
tient was  the  first  wife  of  the  treasurer,  who  has  the 
third  highest  rank  in  the  province.  The  official  res- 
idence, called  a  "yamen",  is  within  the  inner  walled 
city.  The  walls  which  are  twenty  feet  thick,  and  thirty- 
five  or  forty  feet  high,  have  twelve  gates,  through  one 
of  which  we  passed.  The  yamen  itself  covers  an  acre 
or  more  of  ground. 

After   passing   through   courts,    halls,   passages,   we 


14  INASMUCH 

finally  were  ushered  into  *'Madam's"  room.  As  she 
and  her  daughters,  who  were  present,  spoke  only  Man- 
darin, Doctor  went  to  the  door  and  spoke  to  the  inter- 
preter, who  spoke  to  the  Treasurer  who  spoke  to  the 
daughter  who  then  went  to  the  bedside  and  spoke  to 
the  mother.  When  we  had  finished  our  examination, 
ieft  directions,  etc.,  we  were  invited  to  partake  of  re- 
freshment with  the  Treasurer  and  Mr.  Tsai,  the  Inter- 
preter. This  was  to  be  considered  a  great  honor,  as 
men  never  eat  with  the  women.  They  were  polite  and 
entertaining,  giving  us,  when  we  left,  our  fee,  wrapped 
in  red  paper,  proffered  with  both  hands  accompanied 
by  a  bow.  It  is  the  custom  to  pay  a  doctor  when  he 
finishes  his  call.  If  his  further  services  are  wanted,  a 
messenger  is  sent  to  call  him. 

A  round  coin  with  a  hole  in  the  center  is  called  a 
cash  and  is  used  for  making  small  purchases ;  for  larger 
ones  broken  silver  is  used.  Each  person  has  scales  and 
the  price  of  the  article  bought  is  weighed  out  from  bits 
of  silver.  Wanting  to  pay  out  fifty  cents  one  day  I  ran 
down  to  the  kitchen  and  asked  the  cook  for  the  change. 
He  took  the  round  silver  Mexican  dollar,  laid  it  on  a 
stick  of  wood  seized  a  nearby  hatchet  and  cut  it  in  two, 
handing  me,  thus,  the  fifty  cents  I  needed. 

I  have  made  a  beginning  in  this  most  difficult  lan- 
guage. I  am  proud  to  say  I  can  count  ten.  Does  this 
sound  like  "language"?  Yat,  E,  Saam,  Sz,  Ng,  Luk, 
Tsat,  Pat,  Kau,  Shap.  Just  to  speak  the  words 
would  be  easy;  the  difficulty  lies  in  tones.  Some  are 
pronounced  in  a  higher  key  than  others.     Some  are 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        15 

aspirated,  some  are  not.  In  three  years  one  is  supposed 
to  be  ready  for  work,  but  five  are  considered  not  too 
long  to  allow  one  before  he  feels  "at  home"  in  the  use 
of  it. 

Last  week  I  accompanied  Albert  to  Sz  Pai  Lau,  one 
of  his  preaching  chapels.  As  we  entered  the  walled 
city  through  the  ''Beautiful  Virtue  Gate",  the  soldiers 
crowded  around  our  chairs  to  ascertain  whether  we 
were  French  spies  or  not.  In  fluent  Chinese,  Albert 
convinced  them  we  were  on  a  peaceful  errand ;  thus  we 
were  allowed  to  proceed. 

The  chapel  is  on  a  narrow,  crowded  street.  In  the 
rear  of  the  building  is  a  boys'  school.  All  were  study- 
ing aloud  when  we  entered.  To  show  the  teacher  how 
diligent  he  is,  each  tries  to  shout  louder  than  those  near 
him.  When  reciting  to  Albert,  after  having  handed  him 
a  book,  the  boy  turned  his  back  to  him,  then  repeated 
page  after  page  of  Scripture  without  hesitation  or  mis- 
take. 

During  a  recent  riot,  some  of  the  Christians  living 
here  were  carried  to  prison  on  account  of  their  religious 
beHef.  At  the  same  time  the  Foreigners  (all  national- 
ities other  than  Chinese  are  spoken  of  by  this  name) 
living  on  Shameen  had  to  go  out  to  the  gun-boats. 
There,  some  could  see  their  houses  burning. 

As  we  returned  through  the  packed  thoroughfares 
they  did  not  seem  like  streets,  but  dark  aisles.  One  has 
a  sensation  of  holding  the  breath,  until  at  the  next  cor- 
ner surely,  one  will  come  out  onto  a  broad,  light  street ; 
but  none  appears.    Our  chair  coolies  shout  "make  way" 


16  INASMUCH 

but  other  burden  bearers  are  shouting  the  same,  some 
coming,  some  going.  For  miles  we  worm  our  way 
through  this  surging  mass  of  humanity.  Very  seldom 
do  we  see  a  woman.  Many  gentlemen  are  seen  quietly 
entering  the  shops.  I  can  scarcely  think  of  them  as 
men  on  account  of  their  long  braid  of  hair  hanging  down 
to  the  edge  of  their  long  silk  dress  (called  a  shaam). 
Their  shoes  are  of  embroidered  silk  or  satin.  Many  of 
them  carry  a  bird  in  a  good-sized  bird  cage,  much  as  a 
woman  at  home  takes  about  her  dog. 

One  of  the  most  noticeable  things  at  the  end  of 
certain  streets  are  the  piles  of  refuse.  The  garbage 
from  the  vicinity  is  all  dumped  on  this  heap  until  it  is 
so  high  the  top  can  no  longer  be  reached. 

At  church  it  was  painful  to  see  many  women  hob- 
bling in  on  bound  feet.  Some  hurt  so  when  they  stand 
or  walk  that  their  ah-mahs  carry  them  on  their  backs 
up  the  church  aisles. 

January  1,  1885. 

It  did  not  seem  like  Christmas  with  the  doors  wide 
open,  trees  green,  and  flowers  blooming. 

Dr.  Niles  and  I  visited  the  Wesleyan  hospital  at  Fat 
Shan,  twelve  miles  distant.  Recently,  a  powder  mag- 
azine exploded  in  this  city  when  one  hundred  and  twenty 
were  killed.  Many  of  the  wounded  were  carried  to  the 
hospital  and  were  grateful  for  the  skillful  treatment 
they  were  receiving.  The  Chinese  know  nothing  of 
rational    medicine.      Mud    would   be    just    as    quickly 


DR.     DAVID     GREGG 


MR.    E.   A.   K.    HACKETT 
Friend    and    Benefactor 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        17 

applied    to  a  sore  as  anything  else.     They  give  large 
bowlfuls  of  nauseous  remedies. 

Sunday  evenings  we  go  down  the  river  to  "church", 
held  in  Dr.  Kerr's  residence.  The  missionaries  take 
turn  in  preaching.  The  last  one  gave  us  a  fine  sermon 
from  the  text,  "My  times  are  in  Thy  hands." 

April  4th. 

This  is  the  rainy  season.  It  does  not  pour  steadily 
for  a  couple  of  months ;  but  after  a  few  days  of  rain, 
there  may  be  several  pleasant  days,  then  rain  again. 
Although  Canton  is  very  near  the  Tropic  of  Cancer  I 
do  not  find  the  climate  too  warm. 

Last  week  I  attended  a  Chinese  wedding.  The  bride 
was  carried  in  the  regulation  red  chair  to  the  house  of 
the  groom,  arriving  at  six  in  the  evening.  On  her  en- 
trance, the  groom  walked  to  the  back  of  the  room, 
stepped  onto  a  stool,  and  turned  his  face  to  the  wall. 
(They  had  never  seen  each  other).  The  bride's  dress 
was  red  and  blue  silk  with  tiny  tinkling  bells  around 
the  bottom.  From  the  high,  gaudy  head-dress  hung 
long  strings  of  white  beads,  which  screened  the  face. 
With  her  hands  clasped  before  her  face — the  flowing 
sleeves  serving  as  a  veil — she  bowed  to  each  person 
in  the  room. 

Macao,  April. 

Our   Sanitorium,    Santa   Sancha,   is  on   this   island, 

owned  by  Portugal.    It  is  forty  miles  from  Hong  Kong 

and  ninety  from  Canton.    It  is  a  quiet  place  for  study. 

I  am  now  trying  to  read  the  New  Testament  in  Can- 


18  INASMUCH 

tonese.  There  are  forty  thousand  strange,  complex 
characters.  I  was  told  I  would  need  to  know  well  only 
about  THREE  THOUSAND ! 

The  houses  in  this  quaint  city  are  painted  blue,  pink, 
yellow,  etc.  At  the  end  of  the  Praya  (the  broad  avenue 
on  the  ocean)  is  a  pretty  little  park.  Edith  is  fond  of 
going  there  to  watch  the  birds,  and  monkey,  and  play 
about  on  the  flower-bordered  walks  that  wind  in  and  out 
amongst  the  myriads  of  white  lilies  and  rare  plants. 

There  is  a  wooded,  quiet  place  called  **Camoen's 
Gardens",  so  named  for  the  author  of  "The  Lusiads", 
the  famous  Portuguese  poem  written  in  Macao.  Near, 
is  the  English  chapel  and  the  old  cemetery  in  which 
the  first  Protestant  missionary,  Robert  Morrison,  is 
buried.    He  died  in  Canton  in  1834. 

Hong  Kong. 

One  of  the  missionaries  kindly  placed  at  our  disposal 
his  house  here  while  he  was  away  for  a  month. 

Owing  to  disastrous  floods  in  the  country  many  people 
are  starving.  A  fund  was  raised  by  the  foreigners  and 
influential  Chinese  to  aid  them.  Albert  and  other  mis- 
sionaries have  gone  to  distribute  rice,  which  they  took 
in  large  boatloads. 

The  Chinese  are  having  processions  with  noise  of 
drums,  stacks  of  fire-crackers  to  ward  off  cholera. 

As  there  is  not  a  missionary  in  the  province  of 
Kwong-Sai,  with  its  eight  millions  of  inhabitants,  we 
think  we  should  try  to  start  work  there.  It  was  here 
the  great  *Tai  Ping  Rebellion"  broke  out.    The  people 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        19 

are  from  many  dififerent  tribes,  and  appear  hostile.  At 
Kwai  Ping,  four  hundred  miles  from  Canton,  on  one 
of  his  itinerating  tours,  Albert  succeeded  in  renting  a 
small  house.  With  the  aid  of  medicine,  he  thinks  we 
may  gain  a  foothold  in  the  city. 

Canton. 
The  boat,  called  a  **ho-tau",  is  anchored  in  front  of 
our  house.     The  servants  are  busy  carying  to  it  the 
things  we  shall  need  for  the  trip  to  the  next  province. 

Ho-tau,  West  River, 
We  have  passed  over  the  first  sixty  miles,  just  now 
leaving  the  beautiful  "Shiu  Hing  Pass".  Our  progress 
is  slow  against  the  current.  Sometimes  the  **fo-kies" 
use  the  oar  where  the  banks  are  steep  and  high ;  at  other 
times  the  boat  is  pulled  by  ropes  as  the  men  walk  along 
the  river's  edge.  We,  Albert,  Florence,  Edith  and  I, 
also  walk  along  the  shore  when  tired  of  the  ho-tau.  We 
pass  fields  of  rice,  corn,  sugar-cane,  sweet-potatoes, 
peanuts  and  mulberry.  The  enclosed  flower  is  a  wild 
lime  blossom.  We  noticed  a  row  of  substantial,  new 
brick  houses  which,  we  were  told  by  the  men,  had  been 
built  several  years  but  no  one  would  live  in  them  be- 
cause they  were  "haunted". 

Kwong-Sai  Province. 

Above  Ng  Chau,  on  West  River. 

Wu-Chau  (Cantonese,  Ng  Chau)  was  formerly  the 

capital  of  this  "Broad  West"  (meaning  of  Kwong  Sai) 

province.    Although  its  borders  extend  to  Annam,  and 

this  river  with  its  branches  makes  its  districts  accessible, 


20  INASMUCH 

it  has  seldom  been  even  visited  by  foreigners.  Perhaps 
it  is  not  so  difficult  to  understand,  when  we  recall  that 
the  whole  empire  from  1851  to  1865  was  disturbed  by 
the  **Great  Peace"  (Tai  Ping)  Rebellion,  and  great 
numbers  of  people  were  killed.  It  has  not  been  many 
years  that  business  has  been  able  to  assume  its  normal 
sway  and  not,  therefore,  to  be  wondered  at  that  the 
population  is  still  somewhat  afraid  and  suspicious.  Not 
only,  during  the  past  few  years,  have  missionaries  been 
stoned  from  Ng  Chau,  but  the  Mandarin  who  tried  to 
protect  them  was  stoned. 

At  **Tung-In"  the  magistrate  came,  in  great  state, 
to  visit  us.  All  the  village  turned  out  to  see  him  in  his 
"official  robes",  and  us,  the  ''Foreign  Devils".  A  red 
canopy  was  carried  before  him  while  a  gong  sounded 
in  order  that  his  way  might  be  clear.  He  was  very 
polite ;  seemed  interested  in  all  we  showed  him  and  was 
pleased  with  the  stereopticon  views  we  presented.  He 
was  delighted  with  Edith,  who  now  says  a  few  words 
in  Chinese.  To  her  he  gave  two  silver  (Mexican)  dol- 
lars; to  us,  two  ducks,  two  chickens,  tea  and  "rock- 
candy".  We  appreciated  his  attention.  He  wore  a 
long  green  "sham"  (loose  coat)  over  which  was  a  silk 
gauze  lined  with  plum-colored  silk.  A  long  string  of 
beads  marked  his  rank,  as  did  also  the  "feather  in  his 
cap." 

Kwai-Ping, 
September  7th. 
Just  eighteen  days  coming  these  four  hundred  miles! 
This  city  of  about  twenty  thousand  is  located  at  the 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        21 

junction  of  two  rivers,  in  a  fertile  valley  at  the  base  of 
a  low  mountain  range. 

We  anchored  above  the  city  and  stepped  ashore. 
Never  before  had  a  white  woman,  nor  a  white  baby 
been  there.  When  the  news  of  our  arrival  was  "noised 
abroad",  many  came  hurrying  to  the  river's  bank  to  see 
us.  Upon  learning  that  I  had  medicine  each  one  present 
wanted  treatment.  Just  to  dissipate  prejudice  I  in- 
vestigated twenty  of  them.  We  then  thought  it  wise  to 
go  up  the  river  to  a  more  retired  spot.  But  neither 
distance  nor  our  desire  for  privacy  had  any  deterrent 
effect  in  diminishing  the  number  that  followed  us. 

Around  the  bend  of  the  river  is  a  place  called  "Big 
Ditch  Mouth",  so  called  because  a  small  stream  from 
the  mountains  wends  its  way  across  the  plain,  and  at 
this  point  empties  into  the  river.  The  ho-tau  is  shaded 
by  trees  along  the  bank.  We  followed  a  winding  path 
which  led  to  a  hamlet  of  five  houses — four  of  which 
were  mud,  one  of  brick.  The  people  were  friendly 
toward  us. 

In  one  of  the  houses  was  a  small  boy,  a  cripple, 
emaciated  and  so  weak  he  could  scarcely  raise  his  tiny 
hand.  I  began  treating  him  and  others  who  came  out 
from  the  city.  As  the  child  grew  better  the  father  was 
so  grateful  that  he  said  he  would  rent  us  the  brick  house 
which  was  just  finished.    This  was  joyful  news  indeed. 

A  deputy  from  the  magistrate  called,  bringing  two 
ducks,  two  chickens,  four  packages  of  flour  (made  from 
a  vegetable)  and  four  parcels  of  dead  snails.  We  were 
glad  of  this  official  recognition. 


22  INASMUCH 

One  morning,  a  Mandarin,  one  of  the  highest  miUtary 
officials  in  the  province,  sent  for  me.  In  a  previous 
battle  between  the  French  and  Chinese,  "Tung  Tai  Yan" 
(name  and  title)  had  received  a  gunshot  wound  above 
the  knee.  I  hesitated  about  going,  but  since  the  province 
was  notoriously  hostile ;  all  foreigners  looked  upon  with 
suspicion;  war  with  an  "outside  nation"  only  just  over; 
Mandarin  so  high  in  rank,  it  seemed  wisest  to  answer 
the  call.  Moreover,  if  the  so-called  "Gentry"  trusted 
us,  the  fears  of  the  "common  people"  would  be  more 
easily  allayed.  After  probing  the  wound  and  removing 
some  necrosed  bone,  I  advised  the  General  to  go  to  the 
Canton  hospital  where  Dr.  John  Kerr  would  give  him 
the  best  of  care.  As  a  deep  incision  had  to  be  made, 
the  after  treatment  was  important. 

The  Judge  has  sent  for  me,  as  has  also  another  offi- 
cial, and  one  of  the  "gentry." 

The  past  two  or  three  days  I  treated  two  hundred 
having  "divers  diseases" — the  lame,  blind,  dumb  and 
"those  possessed  with  a  devil"  (the  insane). 

Saturday,  soldiers  from  the  Mandarin  brought  a  red 
satin  banner,  eight  feet  long,  three  feet  wide,  bordered 
with  tiny  mirrors  set  on  silver  embroidery.  The  fringe 
was  of  different  colored  silk  tassels.  The  characters 
(answering  to  our  letters)  were  in  black  velvet.  In  the 
flowery  language  of  the  Chinese  it  said  "Western  god's 
Skill"— "Dr.  Fulton's  great  abiHty"— "Major  General 
Tung  requires  the  favor  of  medical  aid".  This  was 
presented  while  two  hundred  fire-crackers  were  explod- 
ing.    There  were  also  presented  nine  chickens,   nine 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        23 

ducks,  two  hams  and  two  cans  of  tea. 

When  *Taam  Saam"  offered  to  rent  to  us,  Albert 
asked  the  General  if  it  would  be  all  right  for  us  to  move 
in.  He  said,  "Yes,  take  it."  Often,  when  a  man  rents 
to  a  foreigner,  not  only  is  the  renter  driven  out,  but  the 
owner's  house  is  burned.  For  this  reason  one  hesitates 
to  rent  even  the  smallest  house  in  the  most  out-of-the- 
way  place. 

September  20th. 

Our  new  residence  consists  of  two  long  rooms  about 
forty-five  feet  in  length ;  one  front,  one  back,  separated 
by  an  open  court,  and  on  the  sides  connected  by  two 
small  rooms,  one  of  which  I  use  as  a  dispensary.  A  side 
door  opens  into  the  court;  large,  barn-like  doors  open 
into  the  front  room.  The  floors  are  mud,  and  there 
are  no  windows,  no  ceilings ;  the  roof  is  of  hard  baked 
clay  tiles.  The  "front  lawn"  is  the  threshing  floor  where 
the  rice  straw  is  thrown  down  for  the  buffaloes  to  tramp 
on  as  they  are  driven  round  and  round  over  the  loosely 
scattered  bundles,  thus  setting  free  the  kernels.  The 
owner  of  the  house  stipulated  that  we  were  not  to  disturb 
the  shrine  in  the  back  room,  which  he  designed  the 
"Ancestral  Hall".  Also,  one  of  the  back  rooms,  parti- 
tioned off  from  the  Hall,  where  he  was  to  store  his  rice. 

Soon  we  had  in  floors,  ceilings,  partitions,  and  high 
up  in  Albert's  room  and  in  my  room  we  had  a  window 
two  feet  square.  A  bamboo  fence  enclosed  the  threshing- 
floor  front  yard,  where  Edith  played  with  her  "kautsai", 
a  small  fluffy  puppy  one  of  the  Chinese  had  given  her. 

To  our  further  delight  we  were  able  to   rent  two 


24  INASMUCH 

rooms  in  one  of  the  mud  houses.  One  I  used  for  a 
dispensary,  the  other  for  a  "hospital".  It  was  crowded 
when  I  had  put  in  five  bed-boards.  (The  native  bed 
is  of  smooth  boards  laid  on  tressels.) 

On  Florence's  account  we  are  thankful  that  (in  her 
present  state  of  health)  she  can  have  more  privacy  from 
the  curious  throngs  of  patients.  It  seems  quite  luxu- 
rious to  have  a  room  to  myself.  I  also  have  some 
checkered  cloth  I  was  able  to  buy  in  Kwai-Ping,  which 
I  have  made  into  a  curtain,  for  which,  Doctor  said,  I 
must  be  reported  to  the  Board  for  extravagance.  For  a 
mattress  I  found  some  unbleached  muslin  out  of  which 
I  made  a  tick,  stuffing  it  with  rice  straw.  This  I  placed 
on  the  native  bed-boards.  After  I  had  "made  up"  the 
bed  with  its  white  counterpane,  placed  matting  on  the 
floor,  arranged  my  books,  sawed  off  the  legs  of  a  Chinese 
table  making  a  low  study  and  reading  table  of  it  (cov- 
ering it  with  a  cloth  matching  my  curtain),  it  appeared 
after  the  crowded,  public  life  for  so  many  weeks  on  the 
ho-tau,  quite  secluded  and  attractive. 

The  middle  room  is  the  reception-room,  the  parlor, 
the  dining-room,  the  nursery,  the  general  passage-way ; 
at  night,  the  bed-room  for  Edith  and  her  amah. 

When  Dr.  Kerr  and  the  ho-tau  left  us  we  felt  "our 
bridges  were  burned."  As  there  was  "much  land  to  be 
possessed"  each  one  threw  himself  whole-heartedly  into 
the  work.  Albert  was  everywhere  preaching  to  the 
villagers,  to  those  from  the  city,  to  the  crowds  coming 
from  beyond  the  mountains,  to  those  he  met  and  to 
those  who  came  to  visit. 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT  25 

Florence  not  only  talked  to  the  women  but  started 
to  teach  the  villagers  to  read  one  of  the  Gospels.  Be- 
sides, she  had  to  attend  to  all  the  cooking  to  insure 
that  the  cook  did  things  in  a  cleanly  and  orderly  man- 
ner. As  we  could  get  no  meat  we  had  to  have  chicken 
in  its  place.  Our  meals  conformed  to  the  Chinese  in 
point  of  time ;  i.  e.  breakfast  about  nine  and  dinner  about 
four.    Between  these  hours  is  the  busy  part  of  the  day. 

The  two  chickens  cooked  at  noon  also  furnished 
enough  for  breakfast.  Please  do  not  imagine  these  the 
size  of  the  fine  fat  chickens  at  home.  They  are  scarcely 
grown.  In  American  money  they  cost  about  fifteen 
cents  apiece.  Besides  planning,  trying  to  teach, 
Florence  had  much  sewing  to  do,  and  knit  all  of  Albert's 
and  Edith's  winter  stockings.  When  we  were  extra  good 
she  rewarded  us  with  doughnuts ! 

Dr.  Leung  Kin  Cho,  whom  Dr.  Kerr  left  to  attend 
to  men  patients  not  only  did  so,  but  helped  with  the 
preaching  all  day,  as  did  my  assistant,  another  trained 
by  Dr.  Kerr,  Mrs.  Mui  Ah-Kwai.  (Mui  meaning  Plum, 
and  Kwai,  valuable).  And  "Valuable"  she  was!  She 
knew  just  how  to  talk  to  the  unlettered  women.  As  I 
was  "learning  to  talk"  I  had  to  do  most  of  my  evan- 
gelistic work  through  medicine.  However,  when  the 
sick  and  the  lepers  came  for  treatment,  and  I  did  all 
in  my  power  for  them,  I  recalled  that  in  Matthew,  tenth, 
eighth  verse,  Christ  said,  "Heal  the  sick,  cleanse  the 
lepers." 

The  telegraph  operator  at  Kwai  Ping  has  been  very 
kind.  He  came  from  the  north  where  he  learned   (?) 


26  INASMUCH 

English  as  shown  in  the  following  note. 

"Our  office  has  person  got  sickness  in  their  body ; 

please  can  you  come  up  to  our  office  to  see  it? 

That  I  will  oblige  to  you;  if  not,  then  we  will 

come  to  you.    Please  give  me  answer." 

Telegraph  Operator. 
This  was  accompanied  by  two  ducks,  five  pumelos,  a 
can  of  tea,  a  box  of  cake  and  one  of  lily  root. 

We  would  rather  the  people  would  not  bring  us  even 
the  smallest  gift.  We  want  them  to  realize  we  seek 
not  theirs,  but  them.  We  found,  however  when  we  tried 
to  refuse  acceptance  that  it  only  hurt  their  feelings. 
One  patient  whom  I  had  attended  in  the  city  sent  two 
ducks,  two  chickens,  and  a  black  goat.  Another, 
chickens,  ducks,  doves,  flour,  condensed  milk,  cakes 
and  two  bottles  of  wine.  This  last  gave  us  an  opportu- 
nity to  get  in  some  temperance  talk. 

One  grateful  patient  sent  as  token  of  her  gratitude 
a  huge  buffalo  and  her  calf.  These  buffaloes  '*are  heav- 
ily built  oxen"  used  for  hauling,  plowing  etc.,  but  dif- 
ferent from  the  American  bison  in  that  they  have  no 
hump  on  the  shoulders.  As  tigers  infest  this  region 
the  buffaloes  are  driven  into  the  house  at  night.  Also 
the  pigs.  A  tiger  came  one  evening  and  leaped  in 
where  the  pig  was  kept,  seized  it  and  fled  toward  the 
mountains.  It  meant  a  serious  loss  to  the  owners  as 
they  depend  on  the  proceeds  from  selling  the  pig  to  buy 
their  clothing  for  the  year. 

I  attended  the  woman  owner  of  the  pig,  in  her  room 
where  there  were  seven  buffaloes  standing  in  a  row, 


TO  THE  HEART  OF  THE  ORIENT        27 

v/ith  only  a  bamboo  rail  between  them  and  myself  where 
I  was  caring  for  a  child  just  born.  The  cattle  at  first 
were  as  afraid  of  me  as  I  was  of  them.  I  feared  a 
stampede.  The  door  was  closed  and  opened  inward. 
The  women  spoke  to  them  and  soon,  fortunately,  they 
were  quiet.  The  next  morning  I  went  to  visit  my  pa- 
tients after  all  the  cattle  had  been  driven  out  to  work 
and  found  the  mother  in  the  back  yard.  When  I  in- 
quired for  the  little  girl  she  said  she  "had  thrown  *it'  in 
the  river."  Upon  further  questioning  I  found  this  was 
the  fifth  girl  thus  disposed  of.  She  said  she  had  no 
rice  to  bring  her  up  on. 

The  superstition  of  the  people  is  great.  We  have  to 
be  careful  of  every  word  and  movement.  Should  we 
stop  to  read  the  inscription  on  a  gravestone  we  would 
be  accused  of  wanting  to  rob  graves.  Many  believe 
we  take  children's  eyes  for  medicine.  Others  have  in- 
quired how  far  we  could  see  into  the  ground. 

A  poor  shoemaker  came  to  the  dispensary.  He  had 
been  blind  for  two  years.  I  told  him  I  should  have  to 
operate  but  he  would  have  to  remain  here  at  least  a 
week.  As  he  was  willing  I  made  ready  my  tiny  mud 
hospital.  It  had  been  thoroughly  cleaned  and  white- 
washed. I  placed  him,  after  operation,  on  new  bed- 
boards  and  sent  him  daily,  proper  food.  When  I  re- 
moved the  bandages  and  he  could  see,  a  happy  man  was 
he.  But  no  happier  than  I.  It  was  my  first  operation 
for  cataract.  I  had  seen  it  skillfully  performed  in 
Philadelphia,  but  to  do  it  alone,  hundreds  of  miles  from 
another  doctor,  was  difl:erent.     However,  he  "noised  it 


28  INASMUCH 

abroad"  and  many  blind  came.  One  morning  thirty 
appeared.  They  could  not  understand  why  I  could 
not  restore  sight  to  all  blind  if  I  could  to  one.  One  man, 
in  a  bamboo  hammock  **borne  of  four"  had  been  six 
days  on  the  journey. 

Our  home  letters,  written  last  August,  have  just  been 
brought  in.  It  will  take  two  months  now  for  your 
letters  to  reach  us. 

One  of  the  boys  of  the  village,  fourteen  years  of  age, 
was  married  last  week.  The  bride  of  sixteen  arrived 
from  a  neighboring  hamlet  in  the  regulation  red  chair. 
As  she  was  about  to  enter  the  groom's  house,  burning 
paper  was  cast  down  before  her ;  to  step  over  this,  with- 
out setting  fire  to  her  clothes  was  to  insure  "good  luck". 
Safely  in  the  room,  she  and  the  groom  knelt,  and  nine 
times  touched  their  foreheads  to  the  floor  before  the  idol, 
then  nine  times  before  the  boy's  father. 

After  two  cups  of  wine  had  been  mingled,  and  each 
drank  of  it,  the  groom  rose  and  with  a  closed  fan  struck 
the  bride  three  sharp  blows  on  her  head  (to  show  she 
must  be  meek  and  submissive). 

Three  days  later,  I  saw  her  bare-footed,  sullen- 
appearing,  pitching  straw.  Her  boy-husband  was  also 
there,  so  I  suppose  it  was  all  right. 


II 

Canton 

January  1886. 

THROUGH  the  clear,  pleasant  weather  we  have 
been  so  busy  and  happy  we  scarcely  thought  of 
the  approach  of  "rainy  season".  Beautiful  roses 
have  been  blooming  in  the  fields  around  us  all  winter. 
Every  morning  we  gathered  bouquets ;  frequently  we 
brought  in  branches  of  the  white  rose.  These  not  only 
made  the  house  fragrant  with  their  sweet  perfume,  but 
helped  to  cover  up  the  bare  walls. 

Now  the  cold  rains  have  come.  Work  is  scarcer  for 
some  workmen.  One  thought  to  increase  his  income  a 
little  by  offering  to  sell  me  a  huge  snake  for  medicine. 
He  had  sewed  its  mouth.  Its  head  was  as  large  as  his 
hand  by  which  he  held  it  while  the  body  coiled  round  his 
arm.    Price,  two  dollars. 

The  idea  of  using  parts  of  this  reptile  for  medicinal 
purposes  is  due  to  the  fact  that  a  serpent  being  "wise", 
imparts  to  those  who  eat  of  it  a  large  share  of  wisdom. 
The  claws  of  a  tiger  are  used  to  "make  one  brave".  A 
man  brought  me  one,  supposing  I  should  be  glad  to 
make  a  tonic  of  it  for  my  patients.  Some  workmen 
bought  the  snake  and  ate  it  for  dinner. 

The  cold  weather  continues.  As  we  can  get  neither 
stoves  nor  shoes,  and  our  supplies  will  not  arrive  for 

29 


30  INASMUCH 

several  weeks,  we  keep  warm  by  adding  more  clothing. 
We  get  enough  amusement,  however,  out  of  each  others' 
appearance  to  compensate  for  any  inconvenience.  I 
have  on  three  pairs  of  hose  and  three  jackets.  Albert 
wears  one  shoe  of  one  kind  and  one  of  another.  The 
side  of  one  is  entirely  out ;  over  this,  when  he  goes  out, 
he  wears  a  rubber.  The  sides  of  Florence's  shoes  are 
out,  the  soles  off  from  mine  and  the  toes  out  of  Edith's. 

Chinese  Nezv  Year. 

All  the  shops  are  closed,  houses  ornamented  with  gay 
strips  of  paper,  shrines  lighted  all  day  with  many  can- 
dles and  tens  of  thousands  of  fire-crackers  everywhere 
are  being  exploded.     Business  ceases  for  weeks. 

The  day  before  New  Year's  a  thief  was  caught  steal- 
ing from  a  gun-boat.  The  captain  instantly  cut  off  his 
ear — -at  least  cut  it  so  that  it  hung  by  only  a  tiny  portion 
of  the  lobe.  He  hurried  over  to  our  dispensary  and 
I  sewed  it  on  and  now  he  is  all  right.  Had  the  result 
not  been  satisfactory  he  would  have  been  branded  as 
a  thief  for  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

While  waiting  for  our  supplies,  Florence  has  the 
"boy"  (name  throughout  China  for  house  servant  no 
matter  of  what  age)  beat  up  buffalo  cream  for  butter. 
For  sugar,  she  clarifies  the  native  production.  We  are 
making  "soft  soap".  The  people  here  use  a  kind  of  sand 
for  washing  their  hands.  Their  clothes  they  pound 
clean  on  flat  rocks. 

I  greatly  feel  the  need  of  a  hospital.  Without  it  I 
can  undertake  no  serious  operations.     I  have  operated 


CANTON  31 

about  thirty  times  on  the  eye,  removed  small  tumors  and 
done  other  minor  operations.  Should  anyone  who  had  re- 
ceived treatment  from  me,  die,  there  might  be  grave 
trouble.  The  report  would  quickly  circulate  that  *The 
Foreign  Devil  was  killing  women."  The  necessities  of 
the  case,  therefore,  being  so  urgent,  you  will  be  glad  to 
learn  that  we  have  purchased  a  site  not  far  from  where  / 

we  now  are.  It  is  somewhat  higher  ground,  surrounded 
by  the  feathery  bamboo.  We  have  planned  the  hospital 
and  until  we  can  build  a  dwelling-house  we  will  live  in 
rooms  in  the  end  looking  toward  the  mountains. 

Everyone  seems  pleased  to  have  us  here  and  are  appar- 
ently doing  all  in  their  power  to  help.  One  man  built  a 
bridge  over  the  **Big  Ditch  Mouth"  stream  that  runs 
between  us  and  Kwai  Ping.  The  Customs  House  would 
take  no  duty  for  the  large  beams  brought  up  the  river. 

February,  1886. 

Our  Consul  sent  to  us  the  following : 

Legation  of  the  United  States, 
PeTcing,  February  6,  1896. 

To  the  Consuls  of  the  U.  S.  in  China, 
jrentlemen : 

I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  His  Excellency,  Mr. 
A.  Gerard,  Minister  of  France,  has  recently  procured  from 
the  Tsungli  Yanioon,  by  virtue  of  the  French  Treaty  of  1858, 
a,n  order  directing  the  local  authorities  in  all  Provinces  of  the 
Empire  to  expunge  from  the  various  editions  and  compila- 
tions of  the  Chinese  Code  all  claims  placing  restrictions  upon 
the  propagation  of  the  Christian  religion. 

You  are  directed  to  bring  this  circular  to  the  attention  of 
the  American  Missions  in  your  Consular  districts. 

It   gives   me   much   pleasure    to   add   that   the   Minister    of 


32  INASMUCH 

France  is  entitled  to  the  gratitude  of  the  Christian  world  for 
his  action  in  the  important  matter. 

I  am,  Sirs, 

Your  Obedient  Servant, 

Charles  Denby. 

March. 

In  our  mud  ward  are  four  wounded  soldiers.  The 
military  authorities  sent  them  a  four  days'  journey  in 
order  that  they  might  receive  "Western  Treatment". 
Dr.  Leung  at  once  took  them  under  his  care.  In  a  short 
time  they  were  placed  in  clean  clothes  and  beds,  their 
wounds  scientifically  treated.  These  things  together 
with  proper  food  and  rest  worked  such  wonders  that 
they  got  word  to  several  others  suffering  from  gunshot 
wounds  to  come,  but  when  they  arrived  we  had  no  more 
room. 

Ah-Kwai  and  I  have  been  called  to  several  neighbor- 
ing villages.  This  is  just  what  we  want.  As  soon  as 
possible  Florence  will  start  schools  and  Albert,  chapels. 
Medicine  seems  to  be  the  key  that  is  opening  all  the 
doors  to  high  and  low,  rich  and  poor.  Kindly  welcome 
is  given  by  all. 

When  one  sees  these  *'sheep  without  a  shepherd"  one 
can  easily  understand  what  and  why  He  said  to  the 
Jews,  *T  have  other  sheep,  too,  which  do  not  belong  to 
this  fold;  I -must  bring  them  also." 

When  the  supplies  came  and  we  each  appeared  in 
"brand  new"  shoes,  etc.,  we  felt  as  "dressed  up"  as  chil- 
dren arrayed  for  their  first  party.  Our  home  letters  also 
came  at  the  same  time.    No  matter  how  many  there  are. 


Oh     «) 


8=s 
1^ 


CANTON  33 

nor  how  long,  we  want  more  and  want  them  longer! 
Please  allow  an  extra  month  or  six  weeks  to  the  one- 
month  it  now  takes,  for  letters  to  reach  us. 

May. 

Now  that  we  are  ''royally  clothed",  the  hospital  ready 
for  the  roof,  we  are  indeed  the  happiest  of  the  happy. 
The  building  is  of  brick ;  the  window  and  door  frames 
are  all  in.  The  people  keep  sending  for  us  to  come  to 
attend  them  in  their  homes.  This  gives  us  access  to 
many  we  could  not  otherwise  reach,  as  the  higher  class 
ladies  will  not  be  seen  in  public.  In  the  well-to-do 
families  I  was  surprised  to  find  several  wives.  They, 
their  children,  and  their  childrens'  servants  often  make 
a  company  of  from  twenty  to  fifty.  Ah-Kwai  tells  them 
the  Gospel  message  and  we  always  leave  a  booklet,  al- 
though none  of  the  women  can  read ;  but  we  know  the 
men  will  seize  upon  it,  even,  perhaps,  read  it  aloud. 

Thus,  day  by  day  each  one  of  us  does  the  little  he 
can  under  the  circumstances.  I  have  treated  about  four 
thousand  patients,  to  all  of  whom  the  Gospel  has  been 
preached. 

Our  immediate  environment  is  now  friendly ;  hostility 
and  suspicion  being  slowly  disarmed. 

The  middle  of  last  summer  peace  was  declared  be- 
tween France  and  China ;  Tong  King  passing  under  the 
protection  of  France,  and  Formosa  evacuated  by  the 
French. 

At  Kwai  Ping  many  students  are  coming  to  the  city 
to  take  the  biennial  examination.    It  is  conducted  prac- 


34  INASMUCH 

tically  the  same  as  that  at  Canton.  The  Hall,  there 
covers  about  sixteen  acres,  and  has  ''cells"  for  over 
eight  thousand  students.  It  is  by  way  of  this  literary 
route  that  the  participant  hopes  to  obtain  honor  and 
become  an  official.  Those  successful  at  the  first  ex- 
amination receive  the  degree  of  *'Sau  Tsoi"  (Flowering, 
or  Adorning  Talent).  It  is  about  equivalent  to  our 
"Bachelor  of  Arts." 

When  you  receive  this,  you  can  think  of  us  in  our 
clean,  new  hospital  with  its  fine  view  of  river,  plain  and 
mountain,  our  wards  full  of  patients,  and  the  Gospel  be- 
ing proclaimed  to  those  who  have  never  before  heard  it. 

Canton. 

You  will  be  surprised  to  see  this  is  written  from 
Canton  instead  of  from  Kwai  Ping.  Still  more  sur- 
prised will  you  be  to  learn  our  new  hospital,  which  was 
almost  ready  for  occupancy,  "went  up  in  smoke",  as  did 
the  house  in  which  we  had  been  living,  together  with  all 
we  had — ^  household  furnishings,  medical  books,  in- 
struments, medicines,  etc. 

You  remember  I  spoke  of  an  examination  taking 
place  when  I  last  wrote.  The  Kwai  Ping  magistrate 
just  then  had  so  increased  the  tax  on  gambling  houses, 
that  the  owners  closed  them.  This  turned  a  multitude 
loose  into  the  streets  ready  for  any  diversion.  Gambling 
is  universal ;  almost  the  only  daily,  common  amusement. 
Prohibited  this,  it  only  needs  a  hint  from  the  proud 
students  to  a  few  "fellows  of  the  baser  sort"  to  drive 
out  "the  foreign  devils".  > 


CANTON  35 

A  few  rushed  over  to  us.  While  Albert  was  talking 
to  them,  he  at  once  felt  their  attitude  to  be  radically 
different  from  any  who  had  before  come  to  the  dis- 
pensary. Not  wishing  to  alarm  Florence  (who  needed 
the  tenderest  of  care),  and  not  wishing  me  to  go  over  to 
the  dispensary,  as  I  was  only  just  able  to  be  up  after  a 
severe  attack  of  asthma,  he  told  the  "boy"  to  tell  us 
to  remain  indoors  until  his  return.  It  happened  that 
on  this  day,  May  sixth,  many  boatloads  of  soldiers  were 
passing  through  Kwai  Ping  returning  from  the  Tong 
King  war.  In  the  early  morning  some  had  called  to 
see  the  wounded  soldiers  we  were  treating.  Knowing 
the  military  powers  felt  friendly  toward  us,  Albert  at 
once  decided  to  ask  the  district  magistrate — highest  in 
authority — to  send  over  some  soldiers  to  guard  our 
premises  until  the  students  had  left.  While  on  his  way 
to  the  yamen  (official  hall),  the  rabble  caught  sight  of 
him  and  began  throwing  stones.  He  turned  several 
times  and  talked  to  them.  As  soon  as  his  back  was 
turned  they  began  throwing  again.  The  stones  struck 
him  on  feet,  legs,  back  and  head.  They  were  hurled  with 
such  force  that  he  would  have  been  killed  had  it  not 
been  for  his  pith  helmet;  as  it  was,  the  stones  pierced 
the  inch  thickness.  One  stone  went  through  the  thick 
heel  of  his  shoe  and  wounded  his  foot.  When  he 
reached  the  yamen  he  was  dragged  in  and  the  lictors  had 
to  beat  back  the  rabble  with  the  bamboo  rods.  He 
stated  his  errand  to  the  magistrate  and  then  started  to 
return.  This  they  utterly  refused  to  allow,  telling  him 
it  meant  certain  death;  that  an  escort  would  at  once 


36  INASMUCH 

be  sent  to  bring  those  at  his  house  to  the  city.  Dr. 
Leung,  who  had  accompanied  Albert,  was  immediately 
dispatched  to  tell  us  the  escort  was  on  the  way. 

In  the  meantime  our  *'boy",  Ah-Tsat,  told  us  a  crowd 
of  "roughs"  was  collecting  outside.  Simultaneously  we 
heard  the  crash  of  the  bamboo  fence  and  heavy  stones 
hurled  on  the  clay-tile  roof.  These  broke  and  the  pieces 
fell  on  the  ceiling  we,  fortunately,  had  put  in,  thus  sav- 
ing us  from  being  cut  with  the  jagged  pieces.  Soon, 
pounding  and  pushing  began  on  the  big  barn-like  wooden 
front  doors.  In  the  house  we  had  the  new  iron  rods  for 
the  hospital  windows  to  insure  against  thieves;  these 
we  propped  against  the  door.  While  I  held  these  in 
place,  Florence  quickly  collected  valuable  papers  on  the 
deeds  of  our  site,  receipts  for  lumber  purchased,  etc., 
and  tied  them  under  her  dress  skirt.  Each  new  crash 
w^as  accompanied  by  yelling.  Finding  we  still  did  not 
come  out,  they  brought  straw,  piled  it  before  the  doors 
and  set  it  on  fire.  The  roar  of  the  flames  and  the  smoke 
at  last  forced  us  to  walk  out  in  their  midst.  I  took 
Edith  in  my  arms,  and  we  went  out  the  small  side  en- 
trance. As  I  unlocked  the  door  I  recall  thinking,  "Now, 
in  a  moment  or  two  we  will  be  in  heaven." 

Ah-Kwai  (Valuable)  was  with  us.  We  started  to- 
ward the  river,  some  following,  shouting  "Kill  them !" 
"Butcher  them!"     "Cut  them  open!"     "Drown  them." 

Between  the  desire  to  destroy  us  and  the  hope  of 
now  entering  the  house  and  finding  something  of  value, 
the  latter  was  the  stronger  and  while  they  stopped  to 
secure  all  they  could  we  reached  the  river's  bank.     I 


CANTON  37 

offered  my  class  ring  (all  I  had  to  offer)  to  a  boatman 
to  let  us  go  on  his  boat,  but  those  gathering  about  us 
would  not  permit  this.  So  all  we  could  do  was  to  sit 
on  the  ground  and  wait.  Our  prayers  were  not  only 
going  up  for  our  own  deliverance,  but  for  Albert,  of 
whom  we  knew  not  whether  he  was  alive  or  not. 

The  crowd  around  us  were  as  close  as  they  could 
pack.  Edith  was  a  diversion  and  an  attraction.  She 
was  so  accustomed  to  the  Chinese  that  she  was  not 
afraid  at  first,  but  as  the  dark  faces  kept  increasing,  she 
hid  her  face  on  my  shoulder,  clasped  her  chubby  arms 
around  my  neck  and  said  in  her  sweet  little  voice  "Ngo 
pa,  Auntie,  Ngo  pa!"  (I  am  afraid). 

After  an  hour  or  more  we  espied  Dr.  Leung  coming 
to  us  to  tell  us  of  Albert's  safety,  and  the  escort  to  con- 
duct us  to  the  yamen.  He  led  us  over  "Big  Ditch 
Mouth"  to  higher  ground  in  the  middle  of  the  next 
field.  The  sun  was  very  hot  beating  down  on  us.  Some 
one  loaned  an  umbrella  to  hold  over  Edith.  We  were 
out  about  four  hours,  but  not  a  whimper  did  she  make, 
noth withstanding  she  had  not  only  no  milk,  no  dinner, 
but  not  even  a  drink  of  water.  When  we  saw  the  four 
soldiers  in  the  boat  coming  for  us,  we  clambered  down 
over  a  steep,  rocky  bank  and  into  the  boat.  We  were 
rowed  past  the  city,  then  conducted  on  the  outside 
of  the  wall  to  an  entrance  leading  to  the  yamen.  Inside 
we  met  Albert. 

We  were  so  grateful  for  this  that  we  hardly,  then, 
thought  of  our  burning  house  and  the  spoiling  of  goods. 
Later,  we  learned  they  carried  away  all  they  could  of 


38  INASMUCH 

the  new  hospital,  carried  out  the  soldiers  from  the  old 
one,  set  fire  to  it  and  to  the  house  of  the  man  who  had 
rented  to  us,  drove  off  all  his  cattle  and  cut  down  all 
his  bamboo. 

The  magistrate  showed  us  to  a  quiet  room  built 
on  poles  over  a  kind  of  frog-pond.  He  also  gave  us 
money  to  buy  what  we  most  needed.  The  one  indis- 
pensable thing  is  a  mosquito  net.  Mosquitoes  were 
about  in  clouds.  At  night  we  placed  Edith  in  the  center 
of  the  bed-boards,  then  we  put  our  head  under  the  net 
that  covered  her.  In  this  way  we  could  snatch  a  few 
moments  of  sleep  at  a  time. 

Next  morning  the  son  of  the  magistrate  came  to  warn 
us  not  to  go  near  a  window  as  the  people  were  deter- 
mined to  have  Albert's  head.  Some  one  had  put  out  a 
placard  offering  five  hundred  dollars  for  his  head,  and 
one  hundred  for  mine,  because  they  had  "found  the 
body  of  the  person  we  had  murdered  out  of  which  we 
had  made  our  medicine." 

Do  you  recall  that  I  wrote  we  were  making  soft  soap? 
While  looting  the  house,  this  mass,  in  a  large  jar  was 
found.  Never  having  seen  such  a  thing  in  the  making, 
they  at  once  decided  it  was  human  flesh.  Still  more  cor- 
roborative of  diabolic  actions  on  our  part,  was  the  find- 
ing of  a  human  skull.  Then  frenzy  seized  the  rabble. 
The  skull  was  carried  over  to  the  city  and  placed  on  a 
pole.  What  needed  one  of  farther  proof ;  over  there 
was  the  body  and  here  was  the  head!  "Let  us  kill 
the  foreign  devils !"  they  shouted. 

We  accounted  for  the  "body"  to  the  magistrate,  but 


CANTON  39 

at  first  were  ourselves  puzzled  to  know  how  a  skull  had 
been  found  in  our  house.  They  declared  it  was  locked 
up  in  a  trunk.  Inquiring  farther,  we  learned  Dr.  Leung, 
who  had  studied  anatomy  with  Dr.  Kerr  in  Canton,  had 
put  the  skull  in  his  trunk  when  Dr.  Kerr  had  appointed 
him  to  Kwai  Ping.  Of  this,  we,  of  course,  were  ig- 
norant. It  was  difficult  to  get  this  explanation  before 
the  mob.    In  consequence  we  spent  a  most  anxious  day. 

When  we  dared  glance  out,  it  was  to  see  dark  faces 
peering  from  out  the  foliage,  in  the  direction  of  our 
room.  We  knew  that  sometimes  the  magistrate  is  pow- 
erless to  protect;  that  happens  when  the  crowd  breaks 
down  the  yamen  itself.  But  the  Friend  who  had  re- 
strained the  mob  from  touching  us  the  hours  we  were 
alone  on  the  river  bank,  we  knew  could  now  say,  "Thus 
far;  but  no  farther".  So  we  felt  not  a  hair  of  Albert's 
head  would  be  touched. 

After  two  days  in  the  yamen,  at  dawn  of  the  third 
morning,  the  magistrate  sent  us  out  a  back  way  where 
a  boat  was  waiting  to  take  us  down  the  river.  With  us 
were  Dr.  Leung  and  Ah-Kwai.  After  five  days,  having 
changed  boats  five  times,  we  arrived  safely  in  Canton. 

Kind  friends  quickly  supplied  our  immediate  neces- 
sities. As  our  sanitorium  was  in  Macao,  we  went  there 
for  further  repairs. 

Santa  Sancha  (name  of  the  mission  retreat)  was  the 
property  of  an  old  Portuguese  family.  The  large  quaint 
house,  painted  a  bright  yellow  with  blue  trimmings, 
stood  on  an  eminence  in  the  midst  of  several  acres  of 
ground.    The  central  walk  led  to  a  promontory  jutting 


40  INASMUCH 

out  into  the  ocean.  We  love  to  sit  there  in  the  soft 
moonlight,  listening  to  the  waves  breaking  on  the  beach, 
and  to  watch  the  small  sail-boats  moving  about  on  the 
dark,  heaving  water.  Our  thoughts  travel  across  the 
vast  Pacific  to  all  the  dear  ones  on  the  other  side.  Then 
we  remember  that  there  is  "much  land  still  to  be  pos- 
sessed" and  so  we  sit  and  discuss  how  soon  we  can  go 
again  to  Kwong  Sai. 

Macao. 

We  moved  over  to  Arrowdale  a  few  days  ago.  As  we 
had  only  a  few  baskets  of  things  to  move,  it  was  not  a 
very  arduous  task. 

On  the  twenty-first  Theodore  Cuyler  Fulton  came  to 
gladden  the  hearts  of  his  happy  parents. 

In  this  month  we  returned  to  Canton,  preparatory  to 
going  again  to  Qwai  Ping. 

Albert  had  been  to  see  the  Viceroy,  who  said  he 
would  order  the  magistrate  to  give  us  protection.  This 
he  did,  but  the  proclamation  was  posted  on  an  obscure 
gate  of  the  city  and  seen  by  few. 

We  left  in  August.  This  time  we  had  two  ho-taus, 
one  occupied  by  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Kerr  and  Dr.  Noyes.  We 
anchored  over  on  the  Kwai  Ping  side.  While  Dr.  Kerr 
and  Albert  were  to  go  into  the  city  to  **heal  and  preach", 
distribute  Gospels,  etc.,  the  boatmen  were  to  purchase 
wood  to  take  back  to  Canton.  Wood  is  scarce  and  pre- 
cious in  certain  parts  of  the  "Two  Kwong  Provinces". 
Most  of  it  is  obtained  from  the  mountain  ranges  of 
Kwong  Sai.    It  is  brought  down  on  the  backs  of  women, 


CANTON  41 

then  cut  in  short  pieces,  tied  in  handles  and  sold  by  the 
pound. 

The  boatmen  had  bought  about  a  cord  and  piled  it  on 
the  bank  to  dry  out  a  little  more.  A  few  loungers,  dis- 
covering the  "Foreign  Devils",  picked  up  the  sticks  of 
wood  and  began  throwing  at  the  boat.  Finally  the  board 
windows  began  to  give  way.  We  women  and  the  chil- 
dren, Edith  and  Theodore,  were  helped  down  into  the 
bottom  of  the  boat,  after  the  floor  had  been  removed. 
This  saved  our  heads  from  being  struck.  Fortunately 
Albert  returned  in  time  to  quiet  the  ruffians  and  had  the 
fo-kies  row  to  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

After  consultation  it  was  decided  that  the  time  was  not 
propitious  for  our  return.  We  would  make  frequent 
trips  until  we  could  again  with  safety  settle  amongst 
the  people,  who  we  knew  wanted  us. 

Later,  they  came  to  us  asking  us  to  return.  But  for 
the  present  we  could  take  no  risk  with  Florence  and  the 
children.  Therefore  Dr.  Noyes  and  Mrs.  Kerr  came  to 
our  ho-tau  to  go  back  with  us  to  Canton.  Albert  and  Dr. 
Kerr  remained  to  work  amongst  the  people  a  little  longer. 

After  finishing  with  one  town  they  went  on  to  the 
next.  When  about  half  way  down  the  river,  the  Cap- 
tain, not  knowing  the  river  as  well  as  he  thought  he 
did,  ran  the  ho-tau  on  the  rocks.  Just  after  Albert  and 
Doctor  climbed  out  into  a  small  boat  which,  happily  for 
them,  at  that  moment  was  passing,  the  ho-tau  and  all 
on  it  sank.  All  the  medical  supplies,  bedding,  clothing, 
etc.,  were  lost.  For  this  reason  they  reached  Canton 
not  long  after  we  had  arrived. 


42  INASMUCH 

Novcmbej\ 

Bishop  Warren,  while  visiting  Canton,  kindly 
preached  for  us.  Amongst  other  things  he  said,  "God 
has  often  to  lead  us  through  long  experiences  before 
we  are  really  ready  for  the  great  work  of  our  life. 
Abraham  could  not  at  first  have  offered  up  Isaac.  God 
called  him  to  go  out  to  a  strange  country,  to  leave  his 
father's  house — that  was  all,  just  to  go.  Had  God  told 
him  what  he  meant  to  do  for  him,  he  could  not  have 
comprehended  it;  his  soul  was  too  small;  he  had  yet 
to  grow. 

"Moses  was  called  to  leave  the  king's  palace  and  wan- 
der forty  years  before  he  could  be  Israel's  leader." 

In  November  we  welcomed  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Mutch- 
more.  Also  Bishop  Fowler,  who  spoke  of  ''Great  Men 
— all  were  self-poised ;  not  self-centered.  We  want  not 
speed,  but  perfection." 

Albert  and  I  made  a  trip  to  Cheung-Chau,  where  two 
schools  were  established. 

January,  1889. 

The  social  event  of  the  month  was  the  marriage  of 
our  consul's  daughter,  Miss  Seymour.  So  immersed 
have  we  been  in  work  that  I  had  forgotten  there  were 
such  things  as  decorated  churches  for  beautiful  brides 
with  long  trains,  white  veils  and  flowers. 

In  November,  Albert  baptized  two  more  converts  at 
Ng  Chau  (also  called  Wu  Chau),  one  a  literary  man 
having  the  first  degree,  "Sau  Tsoi". 

In  December  I  was  asked  to  go  to  Po  Ling,  near 
Swatow,  to  attend  the  aged  mother  of  Admiral  Fong. 


CANTON 


43 


I  did  not  see  how  I  could,  owing  to  the  difference  in 
dmlects.  It  was  suggested  I  ask  one  of  the  Swatow 
missionaries  to  accompany  me.  Escorts  were  furnished 
tne  and  my  amah.  At  Hong  Kong  we  embarked  on  a 
coast  steamer,  as  the  great  ocean  steamers  do  not  as 
a  rule,  call  at  that  port.  The  coast  of  China  is  rough 
and  dangerous.  Some  one  on  board,  trying  to  be  en- 
tertaining, pointed  out  frequently  places  where,  he  ex- 
c  aimed,  'Now,  right  there  a  terrible  wreck  occurred- 
all  on  board  were  lost."  However,  we  arrived  safeW 
the  second  day. 

Mrs,  Lyall,  a  Swatow  missionary,  most  kindly  con- 
sented to  accompany  me  to  Po  Ling,  seventy  miles 
beyond  Swatow.  A  large  sail  and  row-boat  was  made 
ready  for  us,  and  most  comfortably  we  reached  our 
destination. 

Po  Ling  village  consisted  of  four  hundred  people 
all  connected  with  the  admiral's  family.  The  venerable 
mother  was  eighty  years  of  age,  and  mother  of  seven 
sons  As  each  son  had  numerous  wives,  and  all 
daughters-in-law  were  brought  to  the  mother's  home 
these  together  with  their  forty  or  fifty  children,  and 
all  the  amahs,  serving-maids,  men,  etc.,  made  up  the 
number.  ^ 

We  were  received  with  the  greatest  courtesy      The 
admira    ranked  very  high  in  the  empire.     In  him  was 

n  1  k\  T"  °^  '"'  '"'^  '^^^'h."  It  was  known 
he  had  beheaded  five  thousand  people.  So  afraid  of 
him  were  those  of  the  surrounding  country,  that  no 
native  doctor  could  be  persuaded  to  treat  his  mother 


44  INASMUCH 

There  have  been  instances  in  which  the  patient  died 
and  the  doctor  was  executed.  He  was  also  supposed  to 
be  a  foe  to  Christianity;  so  much  so  that  no  Christian 
work  was  being  carried  on  in  that  region. 

As  I  entered  the  room,  Madame  Fong  was  sitting  up 
on  her  bed,  held  by  two  servants.  Over  her  was  a 
crimson  satin  cloak  lined  with  ermine.  She  was  a  dig- 
nified, pleasant  lady,  and  graciously  submitted  to  treat- 
ment.   In  a  few  days  she  was  on  the  way  to  recovery. 

I  was  also  asked  to  see  the  first  wife  of  the  second 
son.  In  all,  I  was  there  thirteen  days  and  learned  to 
admire  and  love  many  of  those  I  met. 

Mrs.  Lyall  read  and  talked  to  all  she  could,  morning, 
noon  and  night. 

Before  I  left,  permission  was  given  for  the  sick  from 
outside  the  village  to  come  for  treatment.  To  these  also 
was  the  Gospel  preached. 

When  leaving,  gratitude  was  expressed  in  every  way 
possible.  Besides  many  presents,  two  gold  medals  were 
presented.  The  admiral  sent  word  that  if  I  would  stay, 
he  would  present  our  mission  with  a  site  and  put  up  the 
buildings  for  a  hospital. 

But  the  object  for  which  I  went  had  been  gained: 
namely,  the  relief  of  pain,  the  presenting  of  the  Gospel. 
The  dissipation  of  prejudice  had  been  accomplished; 
the  way  opened  for  the  establishment  of  work  by  those 
speaking  Swatow  dialect. 

You  will  be  amused  to  learn  the  inscription  on  the 
medals.  It  said  that  when  I  felt  the  pulse,  disease  dis- 
appeared as  mist  before  the  sun !  Think  of  having  to 
"live  up  to"  a  reputation  like  that ! 


CANTON  45 

Had  the  admiral's  mother  died,  he  would  have  had 
to  retire  for  three  years.  As  it  was,  he  went  to  Po  Ling 
where  thousands  of  dollars  were  spent  in  feasts  of  re- 
joicing. The  empress  sent  her  congratulations,  ac- 
companied by  gifts  of  jade,  and  rolls  of  silk — in  such 
high  esteem  was  this  "mother  of  seven  sons"  held. 

In  Canton,  the  admiral  called  in  person.  He  said  I 
might  choose  any  site  anywhere  for  a  hospital  and  he 
would  see  that  the  mission  secured  it.  The  older  mis- 
sionaries said  it  meant  the  chosen  place  would  simply 
be  seized  and  the  owners  ordered  to  give  up  all  claim 
to  it,  for  which,  very  justly,  they  would  ever  after  hate 
us. 

1889. 

In  February  we  went  to  Wu-Chau,  where  Albert 
baptized  his  first  convert  in  Kwong-Sai.  In  June  we 
stored  our  ho-tau  with  what  we  should  need  for  a 
thousand-mile  trip.  Our  object  was  to  visit  Lung-Chau 
in  Tong-King,  now  a  province  of  French  Indo-China. 
It  had  been  made  a  treaty  port  and  we  wanted  to  as- 
certain if  it  v/ere  a  strategic  point  in  which  to  open 
work. 

As  the  water  in  the  river  was  low,  the  current  was  not 
so  strong  against  us,  but  many  jagged  rocks  projected. 
At  intervals  we  passed  nine  wrecked  vessels.  Some- 
times we  were  a  day  trying  to  get  over  a  rapid.  Just 
as  we  felt  we  were  surmounting  the  boiling  torrent,  the 
rope  would  break  and  back  we  dashed.  Beyond  Kwai- 
Ping  the  scenery  was  diversified  in  some  places  by  the 


46  INASMUCH 

black,  perpendicular,  low  mountain  ridges.  Some  times 
they  resembled  ruins  of  castles,  forts,  or  whole  deserted 
towns. 

Rounding  a  bend,  one  day,  we  came  to  a  temple  built 
in  sections  up  the  side  of  a  steep  mountain.  As  we 
slowly  ascended  it,  we  found  in  the  first  building  the 
attendant  busily  preparing  the  sacrificial  offerings  for 
a  feast.  Higher  up  was  the  idol.  Going  still  higher, 
we  were  admiring  the  beautiful  view,  when,  far  below, 
a  boat-load  of  happy  women  were  about  to  land  on  the 
temple  side,  and  for  whom,  no  doubt,  the  feast  was 
being  prepared.  Chancing  to  look  up  they  caught  sight 
of  the  "Foreign  Devils".  Screaming  to  the  oarsman 
to  row  back  to  the  opposite  shore,  they  scrambled  out 
as  fast  as  possible  on  their  poor,  crippled,  bound  feet 
and  fled — if  such  a  term  can  be  applied  to  their  con- 
fused scattering  across  the  rice  fields.  Had  we  been 
tigers  they  could  scarcely  have  been  more  terrified. 

Tigers  abound.  We  passed  a  fresh  "kill" — a  half 
eaten  horse.  In  one  village  through  which  we  passed,  a 
notice  was  posted  that  a  woman  had  disappeared,  sup- 
posedly carried  off  by  a  tiger.  This  notice  was  posted 
as  a  warning  to  be  on  the  outlook. 

We  frequently  saw  long  lines  of  women  with  enor- 
mous burdens  of  grass,  twigs  and  wood  on  their  backs 
coming  down  the  mountain  side.  It  was  not  infrequent 
that  a  tiger,  hiding  in  the  grass,  waited  until  the  line 
of  workers  had  passed,  then  sprang  upon  and  carried 
off  the  last  one. 


CANTON  47 

The  tigers  come  up  from  India,  and  down  from 
Siberia  and  Mongolia.  We  passed  places  where  there 
were  "traps".  The  Chinese  dig  a  pit  about  twenty  feet 
deep  and  four  wide.  A  lid  made  to  spring  covers  it. 
At  the  far  end,  the  bait,  generally  a  small  dog,  is  placed. 
Over  the  lid  are  spread  twigs  or  branches.  As  the  tiger 
springs  at  the  dog,  the  lid  falls  down  into  the  side  of 
the  pit,  then  springs  back,  and  the  dog  remains  unhurt. 
The  tiger  is  killed  in  various  ways,  often  by  drowning 
in  order  to  keep  the  skin  intact.  Albert  bought  one 
skin  measuring  about  nine  feet  from  tip  to  tip,  for  the 
price  of  five  dollars  in  American  gold. 

When  Albert  was  sitting  one  evening  in  his  boat, 
suddenly  he  heard  the  loud  bark  or  roar  of  a  tiger. 
One  of  the  fo-kies  had  on  board  a  dog  and  the  tiger 
had  "scented  his  prey  from  afar"  and  was  bounding 
nearer  and  nearer  for  it,  but  the  man  got  the  boat  un- 
fastened and  rowed  out  to  the  middle  of  the  stream 
before  the  tiger  reached  the  bank.  They  kept  a  bright 
light  all  about  the  boat  until  morning. 

On  another  trip  he  passed  through  a  wide  ravine 
between  high  mountains,  where  the  water  flowed  out 
over  a  wide  space.  A  man  had  erected  a  small  hut 
where  he  could  stay  while  caring  for  his  hundreds  of 
ducks.  One  night  a  tiger,  with  its  powerful  stroke, 
stove  in  the  door,  sprang  in,  seized  the  man  and  car- 
ried him  off. 

Occasionally,  as  we  traveled,  we  saw  a  Pai-Fong,  a 
kind  of  arch  erected  to  the  memory  of  some  widow 
who  had  refused  to  marry  again.    This  was  considered 


48  INASMUCH 

most  worthy  and  deserving  of  public  recognition  in  the 
way  of  enduring  stone. 

All  along  the  way  Albert  would  preach  as  he  had 
opportunity.  Although  the  dialect  differed  from  Can- 
tonese, the  people  could  understand  him.  Gospels  and 
tracts  were  wisely  distributed  at  the  market  places. 

I  had  with  me  stacks  of  very  pretty  advertising  pic- 
ture cards.  Whenever  we  walked  along  the  banks  the 
workers  in  the  surrounding  fields,  as  soon  as  they 
caught  sight  of  us,  came  with  all  possible  speed  to  gaze 
at  us.  On  the  back  of  each  card  was  a  verse  of  Scrip- 
ture in  Chinese,  which  card,  the  boy  who  could  read 
the  verse,  was  to  have. 

After  the  first  card  had  been  eagerly  examined  by 
each  one  in  the  group,  excitement  ran  high.  They  were 
afraid  to  venture  very  close,  lest  this  prove  a  mere  ruse 
to  allure  them  near  enough  to  steal  them.  So  they  all 
began  shouting  "Fan  Kwai,  pi  quo  ngo  la!  pi  quo  ngo 
la !"  and  would  stand  only  near  enough  to  make  a  dash 
for  it;  one  foot  firmly  braced,  the  other  extended  as  he 
leaned  forward  with  outstretched  arm,  loudly  calling 
"Foreign  Devil,  give  me  one!" 

I  said,  "You  must  ask  politely,  then  I  will  give  you 
each  one.  Come  to  me  and  say,  Tlease,  Doctor,  give 
me  one.'  "  Finally,  after  some  hesitation,  one  cau- 
tiously approached,  and  in  a  frightened,  weak  voice 
asked  politely  for  a  card.  As  I  held  it  out,  his  courage 
almost  failed  as  he  drew  near ;  however  he  managed  to 
snatch  it  and  run.  As  he  had  survived,  others  came 
soon.     So  keen  were  they  that  some  forgot  just  what 


CANTON  49 

to  say,  and  substituted,  "Please,  Foreign  Devil,  give 
me  a  Foreign-Devil  picture-card  !'* 

Sometimes  in  the  villages  I  could  so  overcome  the 
fright  of  the  women  and  girls,  most  of  whom  had 
babies  on  their  backs,  that  they  would  approach  and  re- 
ceive a  card. 

In  some  of  the  villages  through  which  we  passed  the 
only  conspicuous  land-mark  would  be  a  tall  flag-staff 
with  frames  near  the  top.  This  was  owing  to  the  fact 
that  one  of  the  men  had  received  the  first  degree,  "Sau- 
Tsoi"  and  was  thus  permitted  to  have  what  was  called 
a  "name"  in  the  village.  Sometimes  we  saw  the  staffs 
which  indicated  the  second  degree.  This  meant  having 
a  "name"  in  the  district. 

In  about  five  weeks  we  reached  Lung  Chau.  The 
French  consul  and  his  assistant  received  us  most'kindly 
m  their  "temple  house",  entertaining  us  at  dinner. 

As  the  treaty-port  had  been  opened  so  recently  the 
consul  advised  us  to  wait  a  while  before  trying  to  es- 
tablish work  there. 

Now  that  the  rains  had  come,  we  pushed  out,  on  our 
return,  to  the  middle  of  the  river  where  the  current  was 
swift  and  strong. 

Whenever  we  anchored,  my  brother  preached  to 
those  who  came  to  the  boat,  or  when  he  entered  a  vil- 
lage. 


Ill 

The  Hospital  at  Last 

IN  writing  to  a  paper  in  America,  my  brother  said, 
*'In  China,  idolatry  is  universal  from  the  emperor 
to  the  poorest  beggar.     I  have  been  in  scores  and 
hundreds  of  cities  and  villages  but  never  saw  one,  not 
even  the  meanest  collection  of   mud  huts,  without  a 
temple  or  shrine  of  some  kind." 

Millions  of  people  worship  stones  from  their  fancied 
resemblances  to  human  forms. 

In  fields,  large  stone  altars  are  frequently  seen  where 
prostrations  are  made  and  offerings  sent  forth  to  the 
god  of  harvest.  Certain  temples  along  the  great  river 
routes  claim  special  powers,  and  new  boatmen,  in  com- 
ing or  going,  would  not  fail  to  shoot  fire-crackers  or 
burn  incense  or  possibly  go  ashore  to  worship  the  idol 
to  whom  they  are  indebted  for  a  prosperous  voyage. 

Now  the  dominant  motive  in  these  practices  is  the 
hope  of  earthly  gain.  Said  a  man  to  me  the  other  night, 
"If  you  do  not  worship,  you  can  never  have  success 
with  lottery  tickets."  Selfish  ends  and  a  vague  hope 
of  somehow  propitiating  the  unknown,  combined  with 
slavish  fear  of  offending  the  idols,  are  controlling  mo- 
tives in  the  acts  of  worship. 

The  entire  sum  spent  throughout  the  empire  in  idol 
worship  of  all  kinds  can  not,  according  to  a  moderate 

50 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  51 

estimate,  be  under  three  hundreds  of  milHons  of  dollars. 
The  cost  of  all  the  temples  is  certainly  close  to  eight 
hundred  million,  beside  the  milHons  annually  spent  on 
repairs  and  construction  of  new  temples. 

From  an  original  copy  handed  to  me  in  Wu-Chau, 
a  large  city  in  Kong-Sai,  I  translate  the  following : 

*'We  respectfully  announce  the  communication  from 
the  goddess  Kun-Shai-Yam,  to  teach  how  to  avoid  pes- 
tilence. 

*'On  the  twenty-second  day  of  the  third  moon  of  the 
year,  in  the  great  and  Benevolent  Temple  of  the 
Heavenly  Mountain  in  Kwai-Chau  province,  the  bell 
and  drum  sounded  without  any  known  cause.  From 
the  site  of  the  divine  goddess,  these  words  were  spoken, 
'This  year  the  five  grains  will  yield  a  bountiful  harvest, 
but  pestilence  and  epidemics  will  visit  both  man  and 
cattle.  The  tenth  month,  many  will  die.  If  you  know 
this  and  do  not  make  it  known  to  others,  red  blood  will 
flow  from  your  mouth  and  you  will  die  and  incur  a 
ten-fold  heavier  guilt.  If  any  man  believes  and  does 
good,  he  will  escape  pestilence.  But  in  the  eighth  month 
of  this  year,  on  the  twenty-fifth  of  the  month,  at  twelve 
o'clock,  the  goddess  will  send  down  an  adverse  wind. 
On  the  first  appearance  of  pain  you  must  copy  these 
three  characters  in  red  ink,  on  black  paper,  burn  the 
paper,  put  the  ashes  in  a  cup  of  wine  and  drink  it  and 
the  pain  will  at  once  disappear." 

Last  evening  I  visited  a  temple  on  a  small  island  of 
about  five  thousand  people.  Near  one  idol  were  a  num- 
ber of  live  snakes  which,  I  was  informed,  added  to  the 


52  INASMUCH 

idol's  spiritual  efficiency.  In  front  of  the  temple  a  bell 
was  struck  several  times  to  call  the  idol  to  eat  his  rice. 
In  the  morning  a  drum  was  struck  to  awaken  the  idol. 

Such  are  the  follies  imposed  upon  this  people,  which 
had  their  origin  in  India.  Of  the  worship  of  the  true 
God,  the  propitiation  for  sin  by  a  perfect  sacrifice,  and 
life  everlasting,  they  are  as  perfectly  ignorant  as  they 
are  of  the  philosophy  of  Pythagoras.  Such  is  idolatry 
— a  menace  that  shrouds  a  nation  in  darkness;  blocks 
its  progress;  saps  its  energies;  devours  its  resources; 
and  leaves  it  prostrate  in  the  slough  of  despondency. 
Idolatry  will  inevitably  disappear  before  gospel  effort; 
but  it  must  be  focalized  effort. 

When  possible,  we  filled  all  our  water  jars  from  the 
springs  along  the  way,  otherwise  we  had  to  drink  the 
river  water.  One  day  the  f  o-kies  told  us  of  a  fine  spring 
we  were  about  to  pass.  Hastily  all  jars  were  emptied 
and  we  rowed  up  under  the  overhanging  branches  cov- 
ering the  steep  bank,  where  we  heard  the  falling  water. 
When  near  enough  we  filled  our  cups  and  drank  deeply. 
After  every  jar  was  full,  we  moved  out  from  under  the 
thick  shade  and  on  up  the  river  where  we  could  look 
back  on  the  "spring".  We  saw  the  water  came  from  a 
fertilized  rice  field  which  had  been  irrigated. 

One  day  our  cook  came  back  from  a  town  with  a 
sack  of  real  wheat  flour.  We  were  astonished  that  it 
could  be  found  so  many  hundreds  of  miles  in  the  in- 
terior. He  gave  us  the  most  delicious  hot  biscuits  for 
breakfast.  As  this  was  a  treat,  we  ate  heartily  of  them. 
The  next  morning  I  happened,  while  dressing,  to  look 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  53 

through  a  crack  in  my  board  wall  which  separated  my 
room  from  the  kitchen  where  the  cook  stood  diligently 
picking  out  the  weevils  from  the  flour  for  our  morning 
biscuits. 

We  tried  to  keep  the  ho-tau  free  from  roaches,  cen- 
tipedes and  mice.  But  one  night  a  mouse  ran  over  my 
face  and  it  was  a  hurried  battle  to  get  it  out  from  under 
the  mosquito  net,  where  I  found  a  small  centipede. 

Sometimes  the  centipedes  are  large.  Our  boy  cap- 
tured one  eight  inches  long  on  the  floor,  as  it  was 
rapidly  coming  towards  me. 

In  1887,  while  waiting  for  the  auspicious  time  to  go 
to  Kwong-Sai,  I  had  opened  a  dispensary  in  the  inner 
city,  in  connection  with  the  Third  Church.  Here,  two 
days  in  the  week,  I  treated  free  all  those  too  poor  to 
pay.  The  patients  came  into  the  clean,  quiet  chapel 
where  they  awaited  their  turn.  As  there  were  some- 
times over  two  hundred  patients,  besides  one  or  more 
persons  who  accompanied  each  ailing  one,  it  was  a  fine 
opportunity  to  present  to  them  simple  Gospel  truths. 

We  always  invited  all  to  return  for  the  Sunday 
services.  By  coming  through  the  week  for  medicine 
they  became  accustomed  to  the  place  and  lost  their 
fear.  Stories  were  afloat  that  if  one  entered  any  of  the 
chapels  he  would  lose  his  heart  and  never  again  be  a 
Chinese,  because  the  heart  would  be  changed  to  that  of 
a  ''Foreign  Devil". 

One  Sunday,  as  I  was  listening  to  the  Chinese 
preacher,  in  shocked  amazement  I  heard  him  say,  "Now 
the  Lord  Jesus  is  not  like  Dr.  Fulton.     He  could  cure 


54  INASMUCH 

eyes  by  speaking  a  word;  but  she  uses  a  solution  of 
zinc." 

At  another  service  one  woman  who  had  been  selling 
oranges  brought  them  into  the  church  and  sat  down  to 
listen  to  the  sermon.  A  woman  nearby  brought  forth 
some  cash  (the  small  coin  of  which  about  fifteen  make 
one  of  our  pennies),  and  after  selecting  several  oranges 
for   a  child  with  her,   handed  the   seller   the   money. 

Dr.  Mary  Niles  having  returned  to  America  on  fur- 
lough, my  work  is  vastly  increased,  as  I  am  looking 
after  her  work,  too,  in  Dr.  Kerr's  hospital.  I  owe  much 
to  my  helper  '*Mui  A-Kwai".  You  remember  she  was 
with  me  during  our  Kwai  Ping  experience. 

She  was  born  six  hundred  miles  from  Canton.  Her 
father  had  several  wives.  She  was  a  child  of  No.  3. 
When  she  was  eight  years  old,  the  father  had  lost 
everything  through  gambling.  Wives  and  sons  were 
sent  away  to  care  for  themselves,  the  daughters  were 
sold.  A  man  bought  A-Kwai  for  twenty-eight  dollars. 
Two  years  later,  she  was  resold  for  fifty.  She  never 
again  heard  of  any  of  her  family.  She  was  brought  to 
Canton,  and  at  eighteen  sold  in  marriage  to  a  Mr.  How, 
who  paid  eighty  dollars  for  her.  Two  years  later  he 
died  in  California.  She  was  sent  to  school,  became  a 
Christian  and,  most  remarkable,  asked  Dr.  Kerr  to 
teach  her  medicine.  At  that  time  she  had  never  seen 
a  woman  physician. 

After  finishing  her  studies,  she  became  Dr.  Kerr's 
assistant  in  the  women's  department.  She  was  kindly 
allowed  to  accompany  me  to  Kwai  Ping. 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  55 

When  she  returned  to  Canton  she  found  her  mother- 
in-law  in  great  poverty.  The  husband's  uncle,  an  opium 
smoker,  had  sold  every  thing. 

Finding  A-Kwai  (Valuable)  had  not  only  come  back 
with  no  money  but  lost  her  belongings,  they  beat  her 
and  ordered  her  to  worship  the  tablets  and  light  the 
incense  sticks.  When  she  steadily  refused,  the  uncle 
bargained  to  sell  her. 

She  escaped  to  her  pastor,  who  advised  her  to  marry 
a  Christian  man,  Mr.  Plum,  just  returned  from  Hon- 
olulu. When  the  former  mother-in-law  heard  A-Kwai 
had  eluded  her,  she  gathered  together  her  clan,  took  a 
chain  and  started  forcibly  to  enter  our  dispensary  to 
carry  her  back.  Our  consul  had  to  send  soldiers  to 
protect  our  premises  and  disperse  the  mob.  Poor  girl, 
twice  she  has  had  to  face  a  mob. 

I  speak  in  detail  of  her  history,  as  it  is  typical  of 
many  and  many  a  poor  girl  in  this  land. 

Such  a  fierce  fire  broke  out  near  the  Canton  hospital 
that  the  patients  were  all  moved  out.  We  packed  a  few 
things  to  take  with  us.  At  the  German  compound,  be- 
low the  hospital,  all  left  their  houses.  A  fire  in  this 
compact  city,  with  its  narrow  streets,  is  terrifying.  A 
woman  with  bound  feet  is  as  helpless  as  a  baby,  unless 
some  one  carries  her  on  her  back  out  of  the  burning 
district.  It  is  a  time  when  thieves  carry  off  everything 
they  possibly  can  steal.  From  the  house  top  I  watched 
the  high  leaping  flames  for  an  hour.  Then  the  wind 
changed  and  the  danger  to  us  was  past. 


56  INASMUCH 

Christmas. 

I  gave  our  Christians  an  opportunity  to  meet  each 
other  at  Sz-Pai-Lau  Church.  Dr.  Henry  spoke,  and 
after  singing  some  hymns,  each  one  present  received  a 
handkerchief,  or  pair  of  hose,  cake  of  soap,  bag  of 
candy,  pen  and  ink — v^hich  is  a  brush  and  "stick  of  ink" 
— etc.    Afterv^ards  all  enjoyed  tea  and  cakes. 

At  odd  times,  I  have  translated  into  Chinese  "The 
Wonders  of  Prayer"  by  Whittle. 

In  1890  a  conference  of  all  the  missionaries  in  China 
v^ras  held  in  Shanghai.  It  vv^as  a  great  treat  to  attend 
this.  The  papers  and  discussions  v^ere  intensely  in- 
teresting. Mr.  Hudson  Taylor  suggested  that  we  ask 
for  a  thousand  more  missionaries.  With  such  an  ad- 
ditional force,  he  thought  that  the  Gospel  could  be  given 
to  every  family  in  the  empire  in  three  years. 

After  the  general  conference,  the  conference  for 
physicians  was  held,  at  the  close  of  which  the  Shanghai 
doctors  gave  us  a  fine  banquet. 

Alone  in  the  interior,  the  burdens  seemed  very  heavy ; 
but  after  meeting  over  four  hundred  others,  bearing 
equal,  if  not  greater  burdens,  I  returned  strengthened, 
refreshed  and  encouraged. 

The  work  in  the  three  dispensaries  I  had  opened  in- 
creased. 

I  had  many  calls  to  homes  in  Canton.  When  these 
calls  came  at  night,  we  sometimes  had  difficulty  in  get- 
ting through  the  street  gates  as  they  were  all  locked 
soon  after  dark,  and  not  opened  till  dawn.  Not  in- 
frequently, in  returning,  our  chairs  would  be  set  down 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  57 

in  the  narrow  streets  near  a  pile  of  refuse  where  we 
had  to  wait  till  the  watchman  came  to  open  the  gate 
in  the  morning. 

The  work  in  the  homes  was  often  trying, — the  lack  of 
santitation,  and  the  superstition  were  great.  In  one 
case  in  which  it  was  necessary  to  work  rapidly  in  order 
to  save  life,  I  asked  the  patient's  mother  to  assist  me 
a  few  moments.  She  very  sweetly  declined  by  saying 
she  was  sorry  but  if  she  came  near  her  daughter  it  would 
bring  bad  luck  to  her  son's  wife. 

In  another  instance  a  man  suddenly  entered  the  room 
where  I  was  attending  a  young  mother,  and  crashed 
down  on  the  brick  floor  a  large  clay  kettle.  He  said 
it  would  scare  away  evil  spirits.  Another  time  a  man 
lifted  a  door  from  off  its  hinges  and  banged  it  down 
on  the  floor  nine  times  to  scare  away  the  demons. 

But  the  saddest  of  all  cases  was  where  I  would  find 
a  young  girl  or  woman  laid  out  in  her  grave  clothes  in 
an  empty  room,  while  still  conscious,  to  die  alone. 

I  remember  one  young  lady  to  whom  I  was  called, 
who  had  diptheria.  She  had  been  dressed  in  her  grave 
clothes,  which  means  the  putting  on  of  three,  five, 
seven,  nine  or  eleven  of  their  most  beautiful  embroidered 
garments,  and  then  laid  out  on  bed-boards  in  an  empty 
room  to  die.  They  are  thus  dressed  because  of  the 
fear  the  people  have  of  touching  a  dead  person.  After 
giving  her  treatment  and  leaving  instructions  for  the 
night,  I  felt  if  they  would  attend  carefully  to  what  I 
said,  she  might  recover.    But  the  next  morning  I  learned 


58  INASMUCH 

that  no  sooner  had  I  left  than  they  all  fled  and  she  was 
left  alone  all  night  to  die. 

Another  case  was  that  of  one  of  the  wives  of  one  of 
the  richest  of  men.  When  I  entered  the  house  I  found 
the  patient  laid  on  bed-boards  in  the  center  of  a  lofty 
room.  She  was  gorgeously  arrayed  in  embroidered 
satin  shams  (jackets) — nine  of  them.  Her  fingers  were 
covered  with  rings  and  her  wrists  with  bracelets.  In 
her  hand  was  a  handkerchief  and  fan.  After  having 
removed  most  of  the  heavy  garments  and  examining  her, 
I  spoke  to  her  and  found  she  understood  all  I  said. 
Every  door-way  opening  into  the  various  rooms  was 
crowded  with  faces.  I  at  once  suspected  that  this 
lady  was  the  favorite  wife  and  had  been  poisoned. 
However,  I  left  strict  instructions  for  the  night  and 
especially  ordered  that  the  heavy  garments  be  not  put 
on  again.  After  I  had  left  and  gone  a  few  squares  I 
remembered  I  had  left  my  thermometer,  and  returned 
for  it.  I  went  in  quietly  and  found  a  large  strong  amah 
putting  back  all  the  heavy  clothing  as  fast  as  possible. 
In  the  morning  the  woman  was  dead. 

I  was  called  to  see  a  woman  who  had  taken  opium 
to  end  her  terrible  Hfe  as  a  slave  to  a  brutal  owner.  He 
informed  me  he  had  paid  a  thousand  dollars  for  her 
and,  because  of  this,  wanted  to  save  her.  She  was  laid 
on  a  cold  mud  floor,  her  long  hair  drawn  out  and  the 
ends  laid  in  a  pan  of  water.  From  the  "earth  and 
water"  it  was  hoped  vitality  to  resuscitate  could  be 
drawn.  She  was,  fortunately  for  her,  forever  beyond 
his  cruelty. 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  59 

At  another  house  I  found  an  insane  woman  lying  on 
the  cold  floor  chained  to  a  huge  stone,  on  which  her 
daily  rice  was  hurriedly  thrust. 

As  there  have  been  no  asylums  for  the  insane,  it 
seems  the  only  way  the  family  has  to  restrain  those 
deranged ;  though  some  are  put  in  a  bag  and  drowned. 

April,  1897. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Robert  Speer  arrived. 

Mr.  Speer  preached  for  us  from  the  text, — "But  I 
am  among  you  as  he  that  serveth." 

Albert  went  with  them  into  the  country,  where  they 
could  see  the  vast  region  he  is  trying  to  honey-comb 
with  chapels.  Hundreds  of  villages  can  generally  be 
counted  from  the  top  of  a  high  hill. 

November. 

Dr.  Kerr,  at  seventy  three,  when  most  men  think 
they  "are  too  old"  for  new  enterprises,  is  putting  up 
a  hospital  for  the  insane — the  first  in  this  empire. 

Just  in  front  of  my  east  windows  for  several  morn- 
ings I  saw  Jupiter,  Venus  and  the  Moon, — a  beautiful 
sight.     "The  heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God." 

January,  1890. 

Two  women  from  my  dispensary  united  with  the 
church — my  first  visible  fruits. 

One  woman  came  for  medicine  for  a  cough.  We 
gave  it  to  her,  carefully  instructing  her  how,  and  when 


60  INASMUCH 

to  take  it.  Much  better,  she  returned  for  more.  When 
she  reached  home,  she  reasoned  that  if  a  Httle  had  made 
her  feel  better,  all  of  it  at  a  dose  would  probably  make 
her  well  at  once.  After  trying  this  she  seemed  to  be 
dying  and  was,  as  is  the  custom,  arrayed  in  her  ''grave 
clothes",  carried  into  an  empty  room  and  left  there  to 
die,  while  all  the  family  knelt  at  a  distance  and  began 
wailing.  Coming  out  of  her  coma,  she  began  murmur- 
ing **I  see  the  heaA^enly  Father,  but  I  can't  see  Jesus." 
Amazed  and  awe-struck  they  exclaimed,  **She  is  calling 
on  the  Foreigner's  God!"  Finally  she  sat  up.  The 
next  time  she  came  to  the  dispensary,  several  came  with 
her  to  "give  thanks  to  our  Father". 

After  we  had  instructed  her  "in  the  Way",  her  people 
were  willing  she  should  openly  profess  the  "Jesus  she 
could  not  see",  but  had  now  found.  She  was  received 
as  a  pupil  in  the  True  Light  School.  So  rapidly  did  she 
advance  in  knowledge  and  grace  that  the  Church  made 
her  its  deaconess. 

Six  infants  who  had  died  at  the  Catholic  Foundling 
Asylum  were  put  in  two  baskets  and  given  to  a  coolie 
to  carry  outside  the  city  and  bury.  His  hat  blew  off; 
he  set  the  baskets  down,  and  went  in  pursuit  of  it.  A 
passing  child  peeped  into  one  of  the  baskets,  and  seeing 
so  many  dead  babies,  ran  in  alarm  and  told  some  men. 
They  at  once  made  the  man  with  his  baskets  go  to  the 
yamen.  Immediately  wild  rumors  were  afloat.  The 
Catholics  had  killed  these  infants  in  order  to  obtain 
their  eyes  and  tongues  for  medicine.  Placards  were  at 
once  posted  in  prominent  places  stating  that  July  third 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  61 

all  foreign  and  native  Christians  would  be  killed.  How- 
ever, the  officers  examined  the  babies,  and  finding  no 
mutilation,  issued  proclamations  stating  that  the  chil- 
dren had  died  natural  deaths  and  any  one  making  any 
further  trouble  would  be  instantly  seized  and  punished. 

At  the  same  time  the  matter  was  regarded  serious 
enough  to  request  that  chapels  be  closed  for  a  week, 
and  on  July  third,  thirty  soldiers  were  sent  to  guard  the 
Canton  hospital.  The  English  consul  also  sent  to  Hong 
Kong  for  a  gun-boat. 

After  the  French  and  Chinese  war,  the  old  building 
where  the  members  of  the  First  Presbyterian  Church, 
established  in  1862,  had  worshipped,  was  sold,  and  the 
members  scattered.  To  my  brother  was  given  the  task 
of  re-establishing  the  Church. 

After  much  trouble  he  secured  a  shop  in  the  western 
suburb,  on  a  busy  thoroughfare,  and  hunted  up  half  a 
dozen  of  the  original  members ;  the  others  had  gone 
to  other  churches,  moved  to  the  country,  or  left  the 
province. 

In  this  small  shop  I  opened  a  dispensary.  At  the 
back  of  the  room  was  a  narrow  hallway  with  stairs 
leading  to  the  room  above.  Under  these  stairs  I  held 
my  clinic.  When  I  wanted  to  examine  an  eye  I  had  to 
lead  the  patient  out  to  the  front  door  where  I  could  get 
the  light,  as  the  only  light  came  from  an  opening  in  the 
ceiling  to  the  floor  above.  Soon  we  were  too  crowded 
and  secured  the  shop  next  door. 

As  the  women  became  accustomed  to  the  place,  some 
came  back  to  Sunday  service. 


62  INASMUCH 

Just  before  communion,  I  asked  my  brother  if  he 
would  be  willing  to  have  the  individual  cups  used  in- 
stead of  the  one  large  cup,  as  had  been  the  custom.  To 
this  he  gave  his  consent  and  they  were  used  then  for 
the  first  time  in  China. 

The  shops  were  now  so  crowded  that  my  brother 
announced  we  would  build  a  new  church,  and  any  one 
present  who  would  like  to  give  something  toward  this 
could  indicate  it.  The  women,  of  course,  never  had  a 
cash  of  their  own  and  the  men  were  so  poor,  I  was 
almost  sorry  they  were  asked  to  contribute  and  won- 
dered if  we  could  possibly  hope  from  them  as  much  as 
fifty  or  seventy-five  dollars.  In  less  than  half  an  hour 
they  pledged  eight  hundred  dollars. 

From  time  to  time,  grateful  patients  had  given  dif- 
ferent sums  of  money  to  me.  I  was  trying  to  get 
enough  to  build  a  hospital  for  women.  For  thirty 
millions  of  people  in  the  two  Kwong  provinces,  there 
were  only  the  Canton  general  hospital,  and  two  small 
ones  being  started  in  the  country.  I  had  accumulated 
two  thousand  five  hundred  dollars.  With  this  we 
started  out  to  buy  a  site  large  enough  on  which  to  erect 
a  church  and  a  hospital. 

Land  in  Canton,  a  city  of  two  millions,  is  almost  as 
high  as  in  large  cities  at  home.  Beginning  near  our 
present  place  of  worship,  we  examined  every  possible 
available  spot,  but  all  was  far  beyond  what  we  could 
offer.  Thus  we  went  farther  and  farther  until  we 
reached  the  very  limit  of  the  city  at  its  west  end.  There 
we  found  an  open  space  where  two  hundred  pigs  were 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  63 

lying  about  in  the  mud.  At  the  north  side,  on  the  canal, 
were  low  sheds  into  which  the  swine  were  driven  at 
night;  over  them  the  families  slept.  At  the  west  was 
a  dye-house ;  at  the  rear,  a  soldier's  camp.  Each  morn- 
ing and  evening  cannon  boomed  from  it.  At  the  south- 
east all  the  refuse  from  the  adjacent  section  of  the 
city  was  dumped.  The  steam  rose  in  ill-smelling  col- 
umns. 

The  owners  were  willing  to  sell  a  portion  of  this 
plot.  In  all  the  world  it  seemed  there  could  scarcely 
be  a  more  prohibitive  spot  for  a  sacred  edifice  and  a 
hospital.  But  it  was  the  best  that  we  could  do  with 
the  amount  we  had,  so  we  bought  it. 

On  it  we  erected  a  fine,  strong  two-story  brick  build- 
ing, the  auditorium  on  the  upper  floor  seating  six 
hundred;  below,  two  pleasant  rooms,  one  for  the  men 
and  one  for  the  women ;  at  the  rear,  two  rooms  for  a 
dispensary — the  money,  a  thousand  dollars,  given  by  Mr. 
Hasbruck,  of  Brooklyn  Lafayette  Avenue  Church.  That 
church  also  gave  a  thousand  toward  our  building.  This 
well-built  structure,  its  beams  of  teak  wood  impervious 
to  white  ants,  cost  three  thousand  dollars.  Today  it 
would  cost  nearly  ten  times  that  amount. 

At  the  dedication,  many  congratulations  were  show- 
ered upon  my  brother  for  erecting  this,  the  largest  and 
finest  church  building  in  the  city,  and  that  too  in  an  un- 
touched part.  The  church  seats  about  five  hundred  and 
is  called  the  Theodore  Cuyler  Church. 

After  the  dedication,  my  brother,  having  been  out 
nine  years,   returned  home  with  his   family   on   fur- 


64  INASMUCH 

lough.  In  America  he  told  of  the  needs  for  a  hospital, 
and  that  as  I  had  helped  the  church,  so  now  they  wanted 
to  help  me.  Lafayette  church  in  Brooklyn  gladly  gave 
three  thousand  dollars  and  asked  that  it  be  named 
the  David  Gregg  Hospital. 

I  immediately  began  building  the  hospital  for  women 
and  children,  on  the  south  side  of  the  church  site.  It 
was  of  grey  brick,  three  stories  high. 

Nine  young  ladies  had  applied  for  medical  instruc- 
tion. They  were  bright  Christian  girls.  The  only  place 
I  had  was  the  women's  room  and  the  two  dispensary 
rooms  in  the  church  building.  I  turned  the  women's 
room  into  a  dormitory,  separating  the  students'  beds 
by  sheets  hung  on  bamboo  poles. 

For  the  equipment  for  the  medical  college  we  had  a 
few  maps  and  a  skeleton.  Our  textbooks  were  the  few 
which  Dr.  Kerr  had  translated. 

The  clinics  were  large  and  the  students  were  accorded 
fine  advantages  in  actually  seeing  and  helping.  When 
I  was  called  to  cases  in  the  homes,  I  took  with  me  one 
of  the  students. 

In  the  Hong  Kong  daily  paper,  the  "China  Mail" 
was  the  following: 

Canton,  April  24. 

Wednesday,  April  23rd,  will  long  be  remembered  as  a  red- 
letter  day  in  the  history  of  medical  and  philanthropic  work 
in  the  city  of  Canton.  It  is  really  the  beginning  of  a  new 
era  and  is  fraught  with  blessings  that  will  reach  many  genera- 
tions of  women  and  children  in  this  great  city. 

Hitherto  the  medical  care  of  women  and  children  has  only 
been  a  department  of  the  existing  hospitals;  but  as  they  rep- 
resent two-thirds  of  the  population,   it  is  not  only  right  but 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  65 

absolutely  necessary  that  they  should  be  treated  apart  from 
men. 

Long  before  2  o'clock,  the  hour  for  beginning  the  services, 
crowds  of  Chinese  men  and  women  had  practically  taken  pos- 
session of  the  Theodore  Cuyler  church. 

United  States  Consul  McWade  occupied  the  chair.  Among 
those  present  were  the  Tartar  General,  the  Provincial  Judge, 
the  Nam-Hoi  Magistrate,  the  Pun-U,  the  Intendant  of  Grain 
Tax,  the  Brigadier  General,  the  President  of  the  Viceroys' 
College,  and  a  large  number  of  leading  Chinese,  besides  many 
representatives  from  the  foreign  community. 

After  the  reading  of  the  Scriptures,  singing  and  prayer. 
Consul  McWade  gave  a  short  address  tracing  the  rise  and  hist- 
ory of  the  hospital.  He  showed  the  great  future  there  was  in 
store  for  this  institution  and  he  hoped  that  very  soon  we  would 
have  sufficient  funds  to  buy  out  the  rest  of  the  "Pig  Village". 

After  the  congratulatory  addresses  from  several  different 
denominations,  and  singing  by  the  medical  students,  the  of- 
ficials and  foreigners  and  others  were  invited  to  make  a  tour 
of  the  hospital.     It  won  the  admiration  of  all  w^ho  saw  it. 

On  the  ground  floor  were  dining  rooms,  rooms  for  attend- 
ants, etc.  The  second  floor  was  occupied  by  the  main  ward. 
This  was  fitted  with  white  iron  bedsteads  presented  by  Mr. 
John  Converse  of  Philadelphia.  The  upper  story  consisted  of 
private  wards  and  a  maternity  ward.  The  light,  ventilation, 
and  all  arrangements  are  in  accordance  with  the  most  modern 
and  improved  methods. 

The  hospital  starts  under  the  happiest  omens  of  a  great 
and  glorious  future  of  successful  service,  the  worthy  cause  of 
prevention  as  well  as  the  healing  of  the  sick. 

Mary  Fulton,  the  doctor  in  charge,  is  to  be  heartily  con- 
gratulated, and  with  this  we  join  the  names  of  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Albert  Fulton. 

When  the  new  hospital  was  finished,  I  moved  the 
students  into  the  private  rooms  on  the  third  floor.  I 
then  wrote  to  my  brother,  who  was  on  his  second  fur- 
lough in  America,  how  much  we  needed  for  a  building 
for  medical  students.  On  the  occasion  of  one  of  his 
addresses,  Mr.  E.  A.  K.  Hackett,  editor  of  the  "Fort 


66  INASMUCH 

Wayne  Sentinel",  at  once  gave  four  thousand  dollars 

for  a  building. 

There  have  been  many  deaths  from  bubonic  plague. 
Two  thousand  deaths  occurred  in  Hong  Kong,  and  a 
hundred  thousand  here. 

No  advice,  no  warnings,  no  threatenings  could  pre- 
vail upon  the  people  to  clean  their  houses  and  streets 
with  disinfectants. 

In  Hong  Kong,  cartloads  of  refuse  were  removed 
from  single  buildings. 

The  Chinese  resented  this  inspection  and  what  they 
termed  ^'interference"  by  foreigners.  Ninety  thousand 
left  Hong  Kong.  They  put  out  inflammatory  placards 
saying  the  private  rooms  of  the  women  were  forcibly 
entered,  the  women  dragged  out,  their  throats  cut,  and 
the  bodies  thrown  into  the  ocean. 

These  stories  reached  Canton  and  adjacent  cities. 
The  cry  now  went  out — "Cut  the  foreigners'  throats". 
The  viceroy  had  to  issue  a  proclamation  ordering  the 
instant  suppression  of  such  stories. 

But  new  one**  arose  concerning  "heung-oaus" — per- 
fumery bags.  The  people  have  an  idea  if  they  cannot 
smell  a  malodor,  they  are  quite  safe  from  any  con- 
tagion. 

I  have  met  men  with  the  nostrils  stuffed  with  rolls 
of  cloth,  peanuts,  etc.  This,  of  course,  necessitated 
breathing  through  the  mouth,  the  evil  effects  of  which 
they  knew  not. 

Most  persons,  however,  preferred  to  use  a  small 
heung-pau. 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST  67 

Now  the  story  went  out  that  these  paus  were  dis- 
tributed by  foreigners  to  Christian  women  who  gave 
them  to  others,  who,  as  soon  as  they  smelled  them,  died. 
This  was  in  order  that  the  brains  might  be  used  as  med- 
icine. 

In  consequence,  two  foreign  women  physicians  were 
stoned.  One  was  dragged  to  a  rubbish  heap,  and 
drenched  with  water  containing  fish  scales.  A  man 
from  the  customs  rescued  her.  The  other  was  saved 
by  a  Christian  Chinese  and  his  wife,  who  pulled  her 
into  their  house  and  kept  back  the  mob  for  an  hour, 
until  foreign  aid  arrived. 

The  viceroy  had  to  order  all  dispensing  of  medicine 
to  cease,  even  at  Dr.  Kerr's  hospital,  where  for  forty 
years  he  had  ministered  to  the  suffering  of  this  city. 
But  the  epidemic  continued  unabated.  Then  they 
started  the  story  that,  since  no  foreigners  died,  they 
must  have  poisoned  the  waters  used  only  by  the  Chinese. 
Therefore  they  refused  to  let  any  foreign  doctor  attend 
the  sick.  But  when  they  found  that  thirteen  got  well 
when  treated  by  a  foreigner  to  only  one  when  cared  for 
by  a  native  doctor,  they  gradually  concluded  perhaps 
it  would  be  a  good  thing  to  whitewash  their  plague-in- 
fested walls  and  disinfect  their  reeking  drains,  and 
allow  the  foreign  doctor  to  help  and  advise  them. 

Just  as  the  plague  is  abating,  we  learn  Japan  has 
declared  war  with  China. 

In  July,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  one  of  my 
professors,  Dr.  Anna  Bromall,  of  the  Woman's  Med- 
ical College  of  Pennsylvania. 


68  INASMUCH 

In  August,  we  had  an  earthquake  that  so  rocked  the 
house  it  awakened  us.  Some  of  the  houses  in  the  city 
fell. 

Meeting  the  wife  of  the  British  Consul,  she  told  me 
that  the  consul  whom  we  met  at  Lung-Chau  had  just 
left  with  his  wife  for  that  post,  via  the  West  River,  but 
that  one  of  the  customs'  men  was  taking  his  bride  back 
to  Lung-Chau  through  the  Tonquin  route.  Both  were 
shot  in  their  jinrickshas. 

It  shows  the  place  is  still  in  an  unsettled  condition. 
We  do  not  regret  not  opening  work  there. 

An  epidemic  of  La  Grippe  (people  call  it  influenza) 
broke  out.  Tens  of  thousands  have  died.  The  coffin 
shops  have  been  kept  open  day  and  night,  but  could  not 
meet  the  demand,  although  neighboring  cities  sent  in 
large  supplies. 

Kwong-Sai  still  appears  hostile  to  the  entrance  of  the 
Gospel.  Pirates  are  everywhere  on  the  southern 
waters.  Recently  eighteen  were  executed  in  Hong 
Kong.  A  few  days  after,  Admiral  Fong  ordered  sixty- 
three  to  be  beheaded  here  in  Canton. 

For  ten  years  we  have  been  hammering  at  the  closed 
doors  at  Lien-Chou,  three  hundred  miles  from  Canton. 
Now  the  doors  have  opened,  and  missionaries  are  liv- 
ing there,  giving  the  Light  that  lighteth  the  world. 

I  have  been  trying  to  get  all  my  work  in  shape  before 
going  on  furlough.  Dr.  Mary  Niles  has  kindly  prom- 
ised to  look  after  it  during  my  absence. 

Amongst  some  gifts  is  one  from  a  scholar,  a  white 


THE  HOSPITAL  AT  LAST 


69 


silk  fan,  on  which  was  a  poem,  the  meaning  of  which 
may  make  you  smile. 

And   skillfulness   in   art. 

Canton  is  very  dependent  upon  your  help. 
The  angels  above  are  incessantly  praisin<-  you 
With  a  heart  that  loves  your  dear  ones     "   ^ 
You  have  e:.tended  your  love  to  your  neighbors. 

Su/'tend'^fLl  '"  '"'™^"'  ^"^-S"  t»  "-t 

Returnfn Jff  ''"''  "^  "'"''  ^"^  "^  peaeefully 
Keturning  to   your  own  country 

May  the  sea  be  calm  and  the  road  smooth." 

This  will  be  my  last  letter  on  this  side,  I  wonder  if 
I  have  a  mother  or  brothers  at  home?  I  seem  myself 
to  have  been  Hving  in  Bible  times,  about  three  thousand 
years  ago.  Here  the  "mourners  go  about  the  streets" 
the  wonien  are  grinding"  and  the  water  is  being  "drawn 
from  wells".  The  "beggars  lie  at  tlie  rich  men's  doors" 
and  the     poor  are  everywhere". 


IV 

Medical  College  and  Nurses*  School 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  ASHLAND 
(OHIO)  GAZETTE 

Julu  11,  1893. 

Many  readers  of  the  Gazette  will  be  surprised  to  learn  that 
one  of  our  oldest  and  most  beloved  citizens  is  about  to  leave 
for  the  Flowery  Kingdom. 

Nearly  fifty  years  ago,  Mrs.  Augusta  L.  Tulton  came  to 
Ashland  in  company  with  her  husband,  the  late  General  Fulton. 
During  the  past  half  century  she  has  been  a  prominent  and  in- 
fluential factor  in  our  city  in  every  thing  that  has  helped  to 
put  down  vice,  intemperance,  immorality,  and  to  put  in  their 
places  those  nobler  virtues  tliat  lift  men  and  women  up  into 
a  higher  and  better  life. 

General  Fulton  will  always  be  remembered  as  Ashland's 
greatest  lawyer,  and  in  fact  one  of  the  greatest  attorneys  North- 
ern Ohio  has  ever  known. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  presence,  standing  six  feet 
two  inches,  broad  shouldered.  Withal  a  scholar,  orator,  soldier, 
and  statesman. 

Mrs.  Augusta  Fulton  leaves  in  a  few  days  with  her  only 
daughter  for  Canton,  China. 

Eev.  Albert  Fulton,  "Al"  as  many  of  us  knew  him,  has  been 
a  missionary  for  twelve  years,  and  is  the  author  of  the  plan 
of  each  member  of  the  church  giving  two  cents  a  week  for 
Foreign  Missions. 

Dr.  Mary  H.  Fulton  has  spent  seven  years  as  a  medical  mis- 
sionary. 

On  this,  her  first  furlough,  she  felt  her  duty  to  her  mother, 
now  sixty-seven,  required  her  to  give  up  her  chosen  work.  To 
this,  the  mother  would  not  consent,  and  announced  she  would 
accompany  her  daughter  back  to  her  field  of  labor. 

This  is  truly  a  self-denying  act.  A  greater  sacrifice  than  lier 
friends    realize,    Mrs.    Fulton    leaves    her    home,    and   all    that 

70 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         71 

makes  declining  years  happy,  leaves  friends  and  native  land, 
and  two  dear  sons. 

Many  loving  words  from  dear  old  friends  are  showered 
upon  them  both. 

The  prayers  and  good  wishes  of  a  host  of  friends  will  go 
with  this  Christian  mother  and  daughter,  whose  self-sacrificing 
devotion  to  the  Master  has  influenced  them  to  give  up  the  dear- 
est spot  on  earth,  with  its  many  hallowed  associations,  and 
made  fragrant  by  a  knowledge  of  duty  well  performed." 


MRS.  Archibald  Little,  wife  of  Commissioner  of 
Customs  of  Shanghai,  lectured  on  anti-foot- 
binding,  in  the  Shameen  Club  Theatre;  the 
British  Consul  in  the  Chair. 

The  seventeenth  had  a  large  meeting  of  Chinese  and 
foreigners  at  the  Second  Church.  Mrs.  Little  spoke 
and  Captain  Yung  translated.  Many  joined  the  society 
called  'Tin  Tsuk  Ui"  (Heavenly  or  Natural  Feet  So- 
ciety). 

At  this  time,  Li  Hung  Chang,  Viceroy  of  the  two 
Kwong  provinces,  was  the  greatest  man  in  a  country  of 
over  four  millions  of  people.  Mrs.  Little  wanted  to 
get  the  Viceroy's  sympathy  in  this  great  work  of  un- 
binding the  women's  feet,  so  sent  to  Li  Hung  Chang's 
son,  Lord  Li,  a  letter  of  introduction  from  the  Italian 
consul  in  Hong  Kong.  He  replied  his  father  would 
receive  Mrs.  Little  and  myself  at  three  o'clock  Monday. 

Accordingly,  arrayed  in  our  best  and  with  four  chair 
bearers,  we  reached  the  yamen  and  were  most  cordially 
received,  first  by  Dr.  Maak,  then  by  Lord  Li,  and  then 
by  Viceroy  Li  Hung  Chang  in  his  private  drawing  room 
furnished  in  foreign  style. 


72  INASMUCH 

He  is  a  man  of  commanding  appearance  and  impres- 
sive presence,  even  at  the  age  of  seventy-eight  years. 
He  was  dressed  in  red  silk,  lined  with  ermine,  and  a 
fur  shaam  of  sable.  He  wore  magnificent  diamonds, 
one  a  solitaire  on  the  little  finger  of  his  left  hand,  and 
a  circle  on  his  button  on  the  front  of  the  round  hat 
which  the  Chinese  wear  in  the  house. 

A  dozen  men  stood  about  the  room.  Li  Hung  Chang, 
Lord  Li,  Dr.  Maak,  Mrs.  Little  and  myself  sat  around 
a  center  table  on  which  was  placed  tea.  Lord  Li  spoke 
English,  having  been  eight  years  in  England. 

When  the  visit  was  finished,  the  viceroy  with  his 
own  hand  wrote  his  name  saying  he  would  send  a  hun- 
dred dollars  to  our  Women's  Hospital.  Lord  Li  and 
Dr.  Maak  kindly  accompanied  us  to  our  chairs. 

Dr.  Hykes  of  the  American  Bible  Society,  in  an  ad- 
dress said,  **Forty  years  ago  the  missionaries  thought 
it  a  remarkably  good  day  if  they  could  get  six  people 
to  take  a  tract  or  gospel.  This  last  year  the  socitety 
sent  out  one  half  million  copies  of  the  New  Testament 
and  Bible.  They  are  at  present  getting  out  an  edition 
of  the  Cantonese  Testament  for  ten  cents  a  copy." 

He  said,  "One  reason  the  sale  has  been  so  great  is 
owing  to  the  acceptance  of  the  beautiful  Bible  given  to 
the  Empress  Dowager  three  years  ago  on  her  sixtieth 
birthday."  Mr.  Hykes  said  that  Li  Hung  Chang  told 
him  he  saw  the  copy  in  the  emperor's  palace,  so  she 
surely  received  it. 

Emperor  Kwung  Chi  sent  a  servant  to  a  book  store  in 
Peking  for  a  copy  of  the  whole  Bible.     He  was  sup- 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         73 

plied  with  one.  In  a  few  days  a  servant  returned  and 
said  the  print  was  imperfect  and  he  wished  a  better 
one.  This  was  given  him.  Then  the  Emperor  made  out 
a  Hst  of  seventy  books  and  sent  to  the  store  for  them. 
As  they  could  not  be  had  until  printed  at  Shanghai,  they 
knew  not  what  to  do.  Finally,  the  missionaries  in 
Shanghai,  knowing  it  would  be  a  long  time  before  the 
order  could  be  filled  by  the  Society,  gathered  the  books 
together  and  sent  them  to  the  Emperor. 

After  seeing  my  brother  and  family  on  board  the 
steamer  in  Hong  Kong,  my  mother  and  I  remained  in 
the  London  mission  for  my  month's  vacation. 

Mrs.  Well's  little  daughter  had  a  pet  monkey,  and 
one  morning  she  brought  it  to  me  to  show  me  how 
something  had  bitten  its  head.  It  seemed  almost  dying. 
I  told  her  to  unchain  it  and  put  it  in  the  aviary  so  that 
nothing  could  molest  it.  I  told  her  that  I  thought  it  had 
been  attacked  by  a  snake.  That  day  it  seemed  to  be 
better  and  the  next  morning  as  I  went  to  the  mail  box 
I  saw  a  snake,  several  feet  long,  inside  the  aviary  try- 
ing to  get  at  the  monkey.  The  coolie  soon  came  and 
killed  it  and  Betty  was  delighted  that  her  monkey  was 
spared.  The  snake  had  crawled  in  through  the  small 
open  drain  into  the  aviary. 

We  enjoyed  the  beautiful  winding  walks  in  Hong 
Kong  and  the  meetings  with  different  missions. 

In  the  midst  of  this,  a  black  war  cloud  seemed  about 
to  burst  over  China,  and  we  were  not  permitted  to  go 
back  to  Canton.  All  the  missionaries  were  ordered  in 
from  the  interior.     The  serious  trouble  began  in  the 


74  INASMUCH 

north  by  the  so-called  Boxers  killing  native  Christians 
and  foreigners,  looting  and  burning  their  buildings. 
The  imperial  troops  turned  in  and  helped  in  burning 
the  legations  at  Peking  and  killing  the  German  Minister. 
All  consuls  have  warned  foreigners  to  go  to  places 
w^here  they  can  be  protected.  Nearly  all  the  Canton 
missionaries  are  here  in  Hong  Kong  or  in  Macao. 

We  heard  that  all  foreigners  in  Peking  had  been 
massacred;  that  they  had  fled  to  the  British  legation 
building.  With  little  food  and  ammunition,  had  held 
out  for  ten  days.  That  is  all  we  heard  for  weeks.  Later, 
a  report  came  that  they  were  still  holding  out. 

No  troops  had  been  able  to  get  to  Peking.  Over 
ninety  Protestant  missionaries,  beside  Roman  Catho- 
lics, and  hundreds  of  native  Christians  have  been  mas- 
sacred ;  most  of  them  in  a  brutal  and  horrible  manner. 
The  Empress  Dowager  and  Emperor  have  both  escaped 
and  there  is  practically  no  government  at  Peking. 
Everything  is  in  an  unsettled   and  chaotic   condition. 

At  Lung  Kong,  to  the  south  of  Canton,  a  large  num- 
ber of  Christians'  homes  were  looted.  Some  were 
abducted  and  some  killed. 

At  Shek  Lung  the  chapel  was  looted.  Thirty-two 
of  our  converts  escaped  with  nothing  save  the  clothes 
they  had  on.  In  a  few  days  the  Tung  Kun  hospital, 
church,  and  the  doctor's  house  were  burned.  The  Wes- 
leyan  chapel  at  Sun  Vi  has  been  looted.  About  ten  of 
my  brother's  chapels  in  the  interior  were  looted. 

The  trouble  seems  to  be  growing  stronger  in  the 
south.    One  night  they  tried  to  blow  up  the  Viceroy's 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         75 

yamen.  Several  persons  were  killed.  Troops  from 
different  nations  finally  reached  Peking  and  liberated 
tlie  besieged  foreigners. 

Slowly  we  are  resuming  work  again  in  Canton,  and 
things  seem  to  be  getting  back  to  normal 

In  some  homes  I  would  see  a  coffin  containing  the 
body  of  one  dead  for  over  a  year  or  more.  A  pipe 
runs  from  the  lid  up  through  the  roof.  Upon  inquiry 
I  learned  the  priests  had  not  yet  found  the  "lucky  site" 
Sometimes  coffins  are  carried  out  and  set  anywhere 
m  the  open,  where  they  remain  indefinitely 

Many  families  have  suffered  great  financial  loss  in 
trying  to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  dead.  "To  omit  the 
masses  for  the  departed  or  the  offerings  made  at  the 
grave  ,s  to  incur  the  anger  of  the  spiteful  dead  who 
can  now  avenge  themselves  on  the  living  " 

A  hundred  fifty  millions  of  dollars  are  annually  spent 
in  quieting  the  spirits. 

When  my  brother  and   family  returned   from   fur- 
ough   to   Canton,   they   moved   into   their   new   house 
across  the  nver  to  Fai-Ti   (Flowery  Earth).     As  all 
our  work  was  on  the  city  side,  it  required  much  time 
every  day  crossing  and  re-crossing.     I„  very  stormy 
weather  it  was  some  times  dangerous.     The  river  is 
like  a  great  bay  in  front  of  the  north  end  of  Canton 
One  evening  as  I  was  returning  after  my  day's  work,' 
as  usual,  I  called  a  sam-pan   (small  boat).     The  pas- 
senger sits  in  front  and  the  rower  stands  at  the  back 
As  we  were  nearing  the  center  of  the  wide  river  the 
rowe,  said  that  it  was  too  dangerous  to  go  on,  so  rowed 


76  INASMUCH 

The  sky  was  dark  and  the  wind  so  strong,  not  a  boat 
of  any  size  was  to  be  seen  crossing.  I  felt  I  must  go 
over  that  night,  so  offered  several  times  the  usual  fare. 
Finally  one  man  said  he  had  an  old  boat  which  it  would 
not  matter  if  he  did  lose,  and  bravely  rowed  me  over. 

At  another  time,  half  way  across,  the  top  of  the  boat 
blew  off.  I  caught  it  and  held  it  up  in  the  water,  or 
the  sam-pan  would  have  capsized. 

With  the  time  it  requires  to  go  over  to  my  dispensary, 
the  danger,  etc.,  everything  determined  us  to  build  our 
houses  on  the  city  side,  near  the  church.  One  other 
thing  made  it  desirable  to  go,  and  that  was  to  get  away 
from  a  small,  very  dirty  pond  into  which  Edith,  Theo- 
dore, Harold,  Ralph,  Grace  and  Horace  had  all  at  dif- 
ferent times  fallen. 

One  day  we  made  a  trip  to  the  Canton  Christian 
College,  which  was  several  miles  down  the  river.  All 
about  the  compound  were  graves,  which  the  College 
was  gradually  paying  the  relatives  to  have  removed. 
Over  the  graves  the  Chinese  make  a  kind  of  conical 
mound,  though  some  are  large,  elongated  and  elaborate. 

In  the  boat,  as  we  were  returning,  Grace  said,  *T 
wish  we  lived  in  a  graveyard ;  it  is  so  much  fun  sliding 
down  the  tombstones." 

As  there  were  no  schools,  Florence  had  to  do  all  the 
teaching.  With  the  care  of  the  house  and  children, 
there  was  not  much  time  for  special  definite  outside 
work.  A  Christian  home  is  also  a  fine  example  for  the 
Chinese. 

One  Chinese  visitor  asked  her  how  many  times  my 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL        77 

brother  had  beaten  her.  She  said,  *'Not  once."  The 
woman,  looking  incredulous,  said,  "All  these  years, 
and  not  once  yet!" 

From  the  Hong  Kong  daily  paper  we  cull  the  fol- 
lowing : 

Canton,  December  17th. 

"This  year  will  long  be  remembered  in  Canton  for  two  events 
regarded  at  once  as  of  present  and  far-reaching  importance, 
both  in  connection  with  medical  work.  The  first  was  the  es- 
tablishment by  Dr.  Mary  Fulton  of  a  hospital  for  women  and 
children.  The  second  was  tlie  opening  of  a  medical  college 
for  Chinese  women.  That  both  these  projects  have  been 
carried  out  vdthin  a  year  is  a  tribute  to  the  doctor  who  presides 
over  it  all. 

"The  hospital  and  medical  college  are  in  the  west  end  of 
Canton,  the  best  residential  part  of  the  city.  Before  the  hour 
for  the  meeting  in  the  church  at  2  p.  m.,  the  building  was 
crowded.  The  number  present  was  not  much  short  of  a  thou- 
sand. Chinese  officials  were  well  represented  from  the  viceroy 
to  the  military  officials. 

"The  United  States  vice-consul,  Mr.  Langhorn,  took  the  chair. 
After  reading  of  Scripture  and  prayer,  the  consul  addressed 
the  meeting.  'Ladies  and  gentlemen:  It  is  a  great  honor  as 
well  as  a  great  pleasure  to  me  to  be  asked  to  preside  at  the 
opening  of  this,  the  first  woman's  medical  college  in  the  empire 
of  China. 

"  'This  college  is  a  gift  of  one  man,  an  American,  member 
of  the  Presbyterian  Church. 

"  'No  greater  charity  can  be  found  than  that  which  reaches 
to  those  who  can  not  help  themselves — the  sick  and  the  infirm. 
Next  to  the  saving  of  the  soul,  no  one  can  have  a  higher 
calling  than  to  devote  his  life  to  relieving  human  suffering 
and  prolonging  life. 

"  'The  Woman's  Medical  College  is  a  counterpart  of  the 
Woman's  Hospital  adjoining,  and  at  the  opening  of  which,  a 
few  months  ago,  many  of  you  were  present. 

"  'Thousands  of  people  perish  annually,  owing  to  the  want 
of  knowledge  of  modern  methods  of  scientific  treatment  and 
surgery.  The  need  of  a  woman's  college  of  medicine  has  long 
been  felt,  and  the  benefits  to  be  derived  therefrom  will  be  a 
thousandfold. 


n  INASMUCH 

"  'In  the  course  of  time  the  graduates  of  this  college  will 
be  scattered  throughout  the  different  provinces,  giving  com- 
fort and  relief  to  many  homes.  In  this  country  a  woman 
physician  conforms  with  the  high  ideals  of  Chinese  propriety. 

"  'Thus,  in  undertaking  to  raise  the  women  of  China  to  such 
a  noble  and  unselfish  work  in  the  relief  of  the  suffering,  Dr. 
Fulton  has  undertaken  one  of  the  greatest  tasks  that  has  ever 
fallen  to  one  of  her  sex.  I  now  have  the  honor  of  declaring 
the  Medical  College  formally  opened,  I  wish  every  success,  for 
its  graduates  I  sincerely  hope  that  one  and  all  will  give  it  the 
encouragement  and  support  that  such  a  praiseworthy  and  bene- 
ficent institution  deserves." 

"After  inspection  of  the  new  building,  tea,  coffee  and  cake 
were  served.  The  Woman's  Medical  College,  like  the  hospital, 
is  a  model  building.  There  are  thirteen  students  in  residence, 
and  already  thirty  applicants  for  admission  next  year." 

Beside  the  asylum  for  the  insane,  in  charge  of  Dr. 
Kerr,  Dr.  Mary  Niles  became  deeply  interested  in  res- 
cuing little  blind  girls  and  educating  them  for  Christian 
work. 

Finding  a  suitable  site  on  Fa  Ti  side,  suitable  build- 
ings were  soon  erected  and  soon  a  hundred  rescued 
little  ones  were  learning  to  read  the  gospels  by  means 
of  the  Braille  system. 

Also  at  this  time  one  of  the  missionaries  became  in- 
terested in  rescuing  the  untainted  children  of  lepers. 
If  they  are  taken  away  from  their  parents  before  the 
ages  of  six  or  seven,  they  can  generally  escape  develop- 
ing leprosy.  About  twenty  of  these  children  were 
rescued  and  put  in  a  clean  building,  with  a  kind,  Chris- 
tian matron,  the  whole  in  charge  of  Dr.  Andrew  Beatty. 

There  were  already  a  number  of  fine  schools  for  boys 
and  girls  in  the  city. 

At  the  close  of  a  busy  day,  as  I  was  about  to  inspect 
one  of  the  new  buildings,  a  Chinese  gentlemen  came 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL        79 

and  had  a  servant  place  upon  my  table  several  strav^ 
bags  containing  silver  dollars.  He  said  that  he  and 
two  others  had  been  asked  to  contribute  to  a  beneficent 
cause.  They  were  glad  to  do  so  and  had  promised  this 
money  in  the  bags.  But  some  trouble  arose  and  they 
decided  not  to  give  it  where  they  had  intended,  and 
after  consultation,  decided  to  give  it  to  the  David  Gregg 
Hospital  for  Women.  When  we  counted  it  out  there 
were  over  eleven  hundred  dollars. 

Just  in  front  of  our  compound  they  have  erected  an 
open  pavilion  gaily  decorated  with  gilt  pictures  of  ''un- 
known gods."  A  tablet  bearing  a  dead  man's  name 
was  placed  on  a  table,  near  which  were  six  priests 
chanting,  bowing,  kneeling  to  the  idols,  beseeching  their 
assistance  to  bring  the  departed  out  of  Hades. 

The  relatives  kneel  before  the  tablet.  When  the  soul 
is  safely  out  of  Hades,  the  priests  break  down  a  bam- 
boo and  paper  house  on  whose  door  is  written  "tai  yuk 
moon" — door  of  Hades.  Just  at  this  juncture  the  near- 
est relative  grasps  the  table,  jumps,  saying  his  father 
or  mother  has  jumped  out  of  Hades  into  heaven. 

The  priests  are  paid  from  a  few  dollars  to  a  few 
thousand.  The  more  money  the  family  have,  the  longer 
does  it  take  to  save  the  departed, — varying  from  one  to 
forty-nine  days. 

This  is  the  universal  custom  throughout  China.  In 
Canton  are  about  two  thousand  Buddhists,  nuns  and 
priests,  and  Taoist  priests.  About  one  million  dollars 
are  expended  yearly  for  idolatrous  and  superstitious 
practices  in  this  city  alone. 


80  INASMUCH 

Almost  without  exception,  the  calls  to  homes  are  to 
very  difficult  cases.  We  feel  the  urgent  need  of  a  ma- 
ternity ward.  To  my  great  joy,  Mrs.  Charles  P.  Turner 
of  Philadelphia,  as  soon  as  she  heard  of  this  urgent  call, 
gave  five  thousand  dollars  for  the  ward. 

On  the  site  of  the  old  soldiers'  camp,  we  decided  to 
erect  this  new  building.  The  architects  were  Parnell 
and  Paget.  When  finished,  there  was  probably  no  more 
substantial  building  in  Canton.  The  building  is  prac- 
tically four  stories  high.  On  the  lower  floor  are  offices, 
drug  rooms,  dining  rooms,  etc.  The  other  floors  are 
private  wards ;  each  room  opening  out  into  a  spacious 
veranda.  The  architect  desired  to  make  the  building 
worthy  of  the  work  to  be  done  in  it,  and  it  looks  as 
though  it  might  stand  forever. 

There  is  probably  no  more  busy  section  in  the  city 
than  this  mission  compound.  It  is  alive  from  morning 
till  night  and  often  during  the  night.  Those  who  have 
contributed  to  the  establishing  of  this  institution  might 
congratulate  themselves,  as  the  money  given  has  been 
well  expended.  From  one  of  the  Plong  Kong  papers 
we  read  the  following: 

In  mentioning  the  David  Gregg  Hospital,  we  must  make 
mention  of  the  School  for  Nurses.  While  doctors  are  badly 
needed,  they  can  not  be  more  needed  than  trained  nurses.  The 
doctor  is  practically  helpless  without  a  skilled  nurse.  The 
patients  suffer  many  hardships  at  the  hands  of  inexperienced 
nurses.  In  Canton,  it  has  been  almost  impossible  to  get  a 
nurse  of  any  kind. 

It  was  to  meet  the  great  need  for  trained  nurses  that  Dr. 
Mary  Fulton  determined  to  open  a  school  for  nurses.  Again 
Mrs.  Charles  P.  Turner  responded  at  once  to  the  call  for  a 
building  and  sent  the  money  for  a  home  for  nurses. 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         81 

The  maternity  ward  was  named  the  Mary  H.  Perkins  Memo- 
rial, in  honor  of  Mrs.  Perkins  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  training 
school  was  named  in  honor  of  Mrs.  Thorpe  of  the  Presbyterian 
Women's  Board  of  Philadelphia. 

Dr.  Mary  Fulton  is  certainly  to  be  congratulated  on  this 
work.  It  has  required  no  small  amount  of  executive  ability 
to  carry  through  to  success  institutions  such  as  are  grouped 
about  the  Lafayette  Compound. 

Not  the  least  important  fact  to  mention  is  that  all  this  work 
is  self-supporting." 

At  this  time  Mr.  E.  A.  K.  Hackett,  hearing  that  a 
building  for  laboratory  and  recitation  was  needed,  sent 
two  thousand  dollars.  Immediately  we  began  erecting 
this  building. 

While  I  was  putting  up  these  buildings,  at  odd  times 
I  translated  some  of  our  needed  medical  books.  From 
one  of  the  journals  we  quote  the  following : 

Dr.  Mary  Fulton  has  presented  the  Tract  Publication  So- 
ciety with  a  supply  of  her  translation  of  "Nursing  and  Ab- 
dominal Surgery"  by  Anne  M.  Fullerton  of  Philadelphia.  This 
is  a  book  of  thirty-six  double  pages,  Easy  Wen-li,  printed  in 
Chinese  style.  The  terminology  follows  the  medical  lexicon. 
This  is  a  very  valuable  gift,  as  we  have  at  present  only  one 
book  on  nursing,  the  'Manual  of  Nursing'. 

Now  with  churches,  schools,  hospitals,  the  care  of  the 
msane,  the  blind  and  the  lepers,  and  work  developing  in 
the  interior,  we  felt  a  foundation  had  been  laid. 

The  medical  work  was  crowded.  The  calls  to  homes 
before  the  advent  of  women  physicians,  had  been,  Dr. 
Kerr  said,  about  five  thousand  a  year.  Sometimes  four 
of  my  doctors  were  out  attending  difficult  cases  in  the 
homes. 

Many  lepers  came  to  the  hospital  begging  to  be  cured. 
A  dear  young  girl  came  one  day,  saying  her  mother  had 


82  INASMUCH 

ordered  her  to  go  to  the  river  and  drown.  Another  had 
been  beaten  and  cast  out  by  her  husband  and  had  no- 
where to  lay  her  head.  She  sat  weeping  on  the  hospital 
steps.  Another  came  saying  that  her  husband  said  she 
must  not  come  back  if  I  could  not  cure  her.  One  woman 
came  with  her  throat  cut ;  and  another  with  her  tongue 
nearly  cut  off.  Her  owner  said  she  had  stirred  up 
trouble  by  her  gossip.  One  day  we  were  called  to  the 
homes  of  two  women  who  had  committed  suicide 
through  the  medium  of  opium. 

While  I  was  treating  a  patient  in  a  home  in  the  city, 
a  woman  fainted.  I  asked  the  amah  to  put  her  in  a  re- 
cumbent position.  She  replied,  "Oh!  no,  that  would 
be  the  worst  thing  to  do."  She  dragged  her  into  an 
upright  position  on  a  chair,  and  forced  into  her  mouth 
dried  ginger. 

Another  girl  was  brought  in  whose  ear  was  cut  off 
to  the  lobe,  by  which  it  was  barely  hanging.  Her  owner 
had  "punished"  her  in  this  way. 

Not  a  day  but  our  hearts  are  wrung  with  pity.  I 
understand  why  His  heart  broke. 

At  the  time  other  buildings  were  being  erected,  the 
Zanesville  Presbytery  of  Ohio  gave  me  three  thousand 
dollars  for  a  house  in  order  that  I  could  be  near  my 
work.  Since  my  coming  to  China,  this  society  had 
loyally  supported  me,  not  only  giving  the  essentials  but 
sending  wonder  bags  (from  which  a  bag  was  to  be 
drawn  every  day  during  the  year),  and  many  towels 
and  cakes  of  soap  thus  extracted  delighted  the  hospital 
helpers. 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         83 

The  house  was  erected  on  the  site  of  the  Old  Pig 
Village.  When  finished,  it  was  one  room  deep,  and  three 
stories  high  with  verandas.  I  stood  the  house  ''on  end," 
as  it  were,  so  that  every  room  would  face  the  south.  ' 

Up  to  the  present  I  had  only  the  Chinese  doctors 
whom  I  had  trained  to  help  me  in  the  college,  hospital, 
trammg  and  out-practice. 

One  of  these  was  Dr.  Loh,  married  at  fourteen  years 
of  age  to  a  man  she  had  not  seen.    He  paid  her  relatives 
a   hundred   and    twenty-five    dollars    for   her       Some 
months  after  they  were  married,  he  went  to  New  York 
where  for  ten  years  he  was  a  laundryman.    Occasionally 
he  sent  some  money.    When  nearly  sixteen  years  of  age 
she  made  application  to  study  medicine.    Her  aunt  was 
a  fine  teacher  of  Chinese  and  had  thoroughly  instructed 
her  niece  in  the  reading  and  writing  of  that  language 
I  accepted  her  as  a  student  and  in  1904  she  was  gradu- 
ted  from  the  Hackett  Medical  College. 

I  installed  her  as  one  of  the  instructors  and  as  one 
of  my  assistants  in  the  operating  room.    In  a  few  years 
she  became  a  proficient  operator,  doing  forty-five  con- 
secutive severe  abdominal  operations  without  the  loss 
of  a  patient.     She  never  weighed  a  hundred  pounds 
^he  was  dainty  in  her  person,  exquisitely  neat,  quick 
and  accurate.     I  never  saw  her  nervous  in  the  face  of 
the  gravest  danger,  nor  her  hand  tremble  in  the  most 
dangerous  and  delicate  operations.     She  was  made  su- 
perintendent of  the  Sunday  School,  which  rose  from  a 
handful  of  scholars  to  between  two  and  three  hundred 
with  twenty-one  teachers  in  charge  of  classes 


84  INASMUCH 

When  the  nurses'  training  school  was  opened,  a  half 
dozen  or  more  bright  young  women  applied  and  were 
accepted.  They  had  never  seen  a  trained  nurse  and 
were  shy  of  the  white  suit,  cap  and  stockings,  as  white 
is  the  Chinese  sign  of  mourning.  However,  they  wanted 
to  be  ''like  American  nurses,"  and  appeared  fresh  and 
attractive  in  the  new  clothes. 

One  evening  Dr.  Loh,  in  whose  charge  were  the 
nurses,  came  in,  white,  holding  an  empty  envelope  in  her 
hand.  She  told  me  that  the  nurses,  knowing  how  afraid 
she  was  of  the  finger-long,  green  **horn"  worms,  had 
put  some  in  an  envelope  and  had  had  it  delivered  to  her. 
They  managed  to  be  around  when  she  opened  the  let- 
ter. Seeing  her  nearly  faint,  they  laughed  heartily. 
Of  course  they  meant  only  fun,  but  a  hospital  where 
the  work  involves  life  and  death,  was  not  the  place  for 
playing  tricks.  Calling  them  all  in,  I  dismissed  those 
involved.  Never  since  did  I  have  anything  of  that 
kind  occur. 

Among  the  first  nurses  graduated  was  a  Miss  Leung. 
She  spoke  English,  though  she  had  to  take  the  course 
in  the  Chinese  language. 

A  literary  man  of  the  first  degree,  who  taught,  re- 
ceived eight  (Mexican)  dollars  a  month.  I  therefore 
decided  that  if  the  nurses  received  fifteen  dollars  a 
month  and  board,  it  would  seem  princely  to  the  men 
of  all  the  families,  who  despised  women  because  they 
were  never  able  to  earn  any  money. 

On  Shameen,  the  "Foreign  Quarter",  that  is,  where 
the  Europeans  and  Americans  (outside  of  the  mission 


MEDICAL  COLLEGE  AND  NURSES'  SCHOOL         85 

circle)  live,  the  doctor  for  that  community  dwelt.  He 
was  put  in  much  trouble  to  get  English  nurses  up  from 
Hong  Kong.  Hearing  of  our  nurses,  he  tried  Miss 
Leung.  So  pleased  were  the  ladies  of  whom  she  took 
care,  that  they  kept  increasing  her  wages.  Finally  the 
doctor  came  to  ask  if  I  would  be  willing  to  let  Miss 
Leung  be  engaged  just  for  Shameen  at  a  salary  of  a 
hundred  dollars  a  month.  For  years  she  has  been  the 
beloved  nurse  to  most  of  the  ladies  living  there. 

Of  course  this  made  the  other  nurses  feel  that  they 
should  have  a  hundred  dollars  a  month,  even  if  they 
could  not  speak  English.  Soon  they  were  engaged  at 
I  know  not  what  prices,  but  the  demand  was  so  urgent 
and  the  supply  so  desirable,  efficient,  and  scarce,  that 
I  ceased  to  make  any  rules  concerning  remuneration. 

Just  as  Dr.  Loh  was  in  the  zenith  of  her  usefulness 
and  enjoying  a  wide  reputation  for  skillfulness,  her 
husband  returned.  He  came  in  suddenly  and  simply 
said  to  her,  "Go  over  to  my  place."  She  said  she  would 
have  to  speak  to  Dr.  Fulton  first.  I  invited  him  to  come 
over  to  my  house  for  consultation.  As  it  was  just  ex- 
amination time,  I  asked  that  Dr.  Loh  be  allowed  to 
wait  until  after  commencement. 

But  in  a  day  or  two  he  came  with  another  man  and 
chair  to  forcibly  take  her  away.  As  this  was  against 
the  law  (permission  must  be  had  from  the  American 
consul  to  enter  American  premises  for  any  such  pur- 
pose), he  was  restrained.  After  further  discussion  of 
hours  and  days,  and  a  promise  of  her  repaying  all  he 
had  spent  for  her,  he  gave  her  a  bill  of  divorcement. 


86  INASMUCH 

I  believe  that  "what  God  has  joined  together,  man 
should  not  put  asunder,"  but  I  could  not  believe  God 
approved  of  such  helpless  girls  being  sold  to  men  and 
becoming  so  much  property  to  be  used  and  disposed  of 
as  the  men  choose.  Every  son's  wife  becomes  absolute 
slave  of  the  mother-in-law. 

I  was  visiting  a  home  recently  when  a  mother  ex- 
hibited with  pride  her  thirteen  daughters-in  law.  I 
said,  "Oh,  you  have  thirteen  sons  !"  She  answered,  with 
much  pride,  "Three;  one  son  has  these,"  pointing  to  a 
group  of  seven. 


Recognition  and  Progress 

AFTER  having  moved  thirteen  times,  it  was  a  joy- 
to  at  last  move  into  a  house  of  my  own.  Never 
did  any  missionary  have  a  more  generous,  loving, 
loyal  support  than  the  Zanesville  ladies  gave  me.  In  a 
printed  report  of  that  Presbytery  was  stated,  "Dr. 
Fulton  writes,  'Whatever  I  have  accomplished  thus  far 
is  your  work.  I  removed  a  cancer  from  a  suffering 
woman — You  did  it.  I  restored  sight  to  the  blind — 
You  did  it.  I  relieved  many  suflfering  thousands.  You 
did  it.  I  thought,  Our  Father,  how  good  thou  art  to  us.' 
We  had  but  given  Thee  of  Thine  own — a  little  money, 
a  few  things  for  the  comfort  of  our  sisters  in  far  off 
China,  and  we  never  thought  of  reward.  It  was  done 
because  we  loved  Thee.  Dear  Jesus,  Thou  hast  not  made 
us  wait  until  that  day,  but  here  and  now,  we  hear  Thee 
saying,  Tn  as  much  as  ye  have  done  it  unto  one  of  the 
least  of  these,  ye  have  done  it  unto  Me.'  " 

We  started  a  Christian  Endeavor  Society  with  about 
twenty  names.  We  also  had  a  very  pleasant  general 
meeting  of  the  Christian  women  of  all  denominations 
in  the  city.  Our  object  was  not  only  to  meet  for  mutual 
help,  but  to  emphasize  the  necessity  of  daily  study  of 
the  Bible. 

One  of  our  best  workers  was  asked,  a  few  weeks  ago, 
87 


88  INASMUCH 

to  lead  a  meeting.  She  selected  a  chapter  which  seemed 
most  unsuited  for  the  occasion.  I  asked  her  a  few  days 
later  why  she  chose  it?  She  replied,  "I  didn't  intend 
to  read  that  at  all;  but  I  forgot  my  Bible  in  which  I 
had  the  place  marked,  and  when  you  gave  me  a  'strange' 
Bible,  I  could  not  find  the  chapter.  I  was  afraid  to  look 
so  long,  so  I  just  made  up  my  mind  I  would  read  any 
one." 

This  large  meeting  we  have  every  six  weeks,  and  dur- 
ing these  weeks,  we  read  the  same  chapter  every  day. 

Another  graduate  was  of  great  assistance  to  me  in 
the  odd  hours  in  which  I  could  translate  some  of  our 
much  needed  medical  books.  Just  as  she  was  becoming 
more  and  more  proficient  as  a  teacher,  as  a  doctor,  and 
as  a  helper,  Dr.  Fong  Sec,  a  graduate  of  Pomona  Col- 
lege, California,  and  a  PH.D.  from  Columbia  Univer- 
sity, gained  her  promise  to  marry  him.  She  was  married 
under  a  marriage  bell  in  my  own  home,  which  the  stu- 
dents had  beautifully  decorated  for  the  occasion. 

Dr.  Fong  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  China. 
He  is  connected  with  the  Shanghai  Commercial  Press 
and  prepares  the  school  books  used  in  the  Chinese 
schools.  He  and  Mrs.  Fong  have  a  model  Christian 
home  in  Shanghai,  where  their  influence  for  Christ  is 
very  decided  and  very  wide. 

Another  graduate  went  to  Shanghai  and  built  a  hos- 
pital for  the  Chinese  who  were  too  poor  to  pay  for 
medical  treatment,  where  yearly  she  treated  over  fifty 
thousand  patients. 

Another  graduate  was  invited  by  some  philanthropic 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  89 

people  of  a  large  city  to  settle  amongst  them,  and  when 
she  arrived  they  were  out  with  banners  and  flags  to 
receive  her.  This  was  an  unheard-of  honor  for  a 
woman. 

Another,  after  graduation,  has  become  Dean  of  the 
Hackett  Medical  College. 

After  a  severe  flood,  when  a  number  of  the  country 
people  were  made  homeless,  a  mother  brought  her  three- 
weeks-old  daughter  to  Canton  to  sell  her,  as  she  had 
absolutely  nothing  wherewith  to  support  her.  The 
father  had  taken  the  two  sons  and  gone  north  hoping 
to  find  work.  After  walking  the  streets  of  Canton  all 
day  and  offering  her  little  girl  whenever  she  had  op- 
portunity, for  twenty-five  cents,  she  finally  decided  to 
lay  it  down  somewhere  and  leave  it.  Before  doing  so 
she  asked  every  passerby  if  there  was  any  place  where 
she  could  dispose  of  the  child  and  they  told  her  of  our 
hospital. 

Just  at  dusk  she  came  in  and  told  her  story.  We  in- 
vited her  to  stay ;  put  her  in  a  clean  room  and  kept  her 
for  months  until  she  could  wean  the  baby.  At  the  end 
of  that  time,  having  become  well  and  having  heard  the 
Gospel,  she  desired  to  return  to  her  husband  and  chil- 
dren, while  we  were  willing  to  adopt  the  little  girl. 
Dr.  Loh  took  her  into  her  own  home  and  brought  her 
up  as  her  daughter. 

A  patient  whose  husband  had  cast  her  out  because  she 
had  paralysis  was  brought  to  the  hospital,  where  for  a 
year  she  was  unable  to  lift  her  hand  to  feed  herself. 
One  of  Dr.  Niles'  blind  girls,  who  is  acting  as  a  Bible 


90  .  INASMUCH 

woman  in  the  hospital,  led  the  woman  to  Christ.  At  the 
end  of  two  years  she  was  able  to  walk  and  had  learned 
to  read  the  New  Testament.  We  made  her  a  Bible 
woman  and  most  faithfully  did  she  preach  the  Gospel 
to  in-patients  and  out-patients. 

One  day  she  came  in  distress,  saying  that  her  two 
little  nieces  had  been  held  as  ransom  and  were  about 
to  be  sold.  It  is  a  common  custom,  when  a  man  goes 
in  debt,  to  send  one  of  his  women  to  the  home  of  the 
creditor  to  be  held  there  until  payment  is  made.  If  no 
payment  is  made,  the  women  are  sold.  I  sent  for  the 
father  to  bring  up  the  two  children,  who  were  six  years 
of  age,  twins,  and  asked  him  the  amount  of  the  debt.  It 
was  one  hundred  twenty-five  dollars.  This  I  gave  to 
him  with  the  understanding  that  I  was  not  buying  the 
girls  in  any  way  and  that  he  was  to  take  them  back  home 
but  he  was  never  to  dispose  of  them  without  consulting 
me.  Soon  we  had  them  in  a  Christian  school,  where 
for  years  they  gave  promise  of  being  fine  students. 

My  old  amah  had  come  up  from  the  country  in  order 
to  earn  better  wages  to  help  support  her  mother  and 
sister.  This  little  sister,  when  a  baby,  was  about  to  be 
sold  because  the  mother  felt  she  could  not  have  enough 
food  to  bring  her  up.  But  A-Hoh  begged  the  mother 
not  to  sell  her  little  sister.  When  Dr.  Martha  Hackett 
heard  of  this  she  offered  to  educate  Lin-Kum.  She 
finished  school  and  then  studied  medicine  in  the  Hackett 
Medical  College  and  is  now  one  of  the  finest,  most 
reliable  doctors  connected  with  the  hospital. 

In   September,  several  new  missionaries  arrived   at 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  91 

Canton.  Amongst  them  were  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peele,  as- 
signed to  Lien-Chau.  Just  after  they  reached  Lien- 
Chau,  so  delighted  to  be  at  their  journey's  end,  and  at 
their  new  home  in  that  interior  station  three  hundred 
miles  from  Canton,  some  trouble  arose.  It  was  so 
serious  that  the  few  missionaries  living  there  all  fled 
to  a  cave.  But  the  mob  followed  and  Mrs.  Mackley 
and  her  little  daughter  Amy,  Dr.  Eleanor  Chestnut,  and 
Mr,  and  Mrs.  Peele,  were  massacred. 

My  brother  and  several  others  went  up  to  Lien-Chau 
and  in  a  letter  he  says,  "Twenty-three  men  have  been 
seized  by  the  magistrate  and  three  were  beheaded.  The 
riot  was  caused  by  a  trivial  incident.  People  are  so 
superstititious  in  the  interior  that  it  requires  very  little, 
sometimes  their  imaginations  alone,  to  incite  them  to 
deeds  of  violence." 

After  our  new  buildings  were  up,  Mrs.  Stuyvesant  of 
Boston,  while  visiting  the  compound,  gave  us  two  hun- 
dred dollars  that  we  might  have  electric  light  in  our 
buildings.  The  **Mary  Fulton  Girls'  Society"  of  the 
Tabernacle  Church  of  Indianapolis  paid  yearly  for  the 
light. 

If  friends  at  home  could  know  how  much  these 
lights  mean  to  us,  shining  in  the  dark,  as  we  go  from 
building  to  building  at  night,  more  would  let  "their 
lights  shine"  in  China. 

For  a  couple  of  weeks  Albert  was  in  the  country, 
where  he  baptized  thirty-six. 

Drs.  McCracken,  Scarlett  and  Remington  of  Phila- 
delphia and  New  York  visited  the  hospital,  and  per- 


92  INASMUCH 

formed  some  serious  operations.  The  students  were 
deeply  interested,  as  some  of  them  had  never  seen  a 
man  operating. 

It  reminded  me  of  a  little  girl  brought  up  in  a  woman's 
hospital  at  home  where  there  were  only  women  physi- 
cians. One  day  she  was  introduced  to  Dr.  Jones.  She 
looked  at  him  a  moment,  and  then  said,  "Why,  he's  a 
man  V 

One  of  my  noblest  and  most  competent  doctors  was 
suddenly  called  to  meet  the  Great  Physician.  A  few 
hours  before  she  died,  she  made  her  will  with  perfect 
calmness,  remembering  friends  and  relatives  with  her 
little  gifts. 

She  left  four  hundred  fifty  dollars  (Mexican)  toward 
an  isolation  ward. 

We  have  just  heard  that  the  buildings  of  the  Eng- 
lish Presbyterian  mission  in  Amoy  have  been  burned. 
In  July,  one  of  the  Wesleyan  missionary  doctors,  Dr. 
McDonald,  was  returning  from  Canton  to  his  field  at 
Wu  Chow,  when  suddenly  the  bat  was  attacked  by 
pirates  and  he  was  shot  and  instantly  killed. 

South  China  is  infested  with  these  desperate  gangs. 

In  September,  the  time  of  the  equinox,  a  terrible 
typhoon  occurred  at  Hong  Kong  and  a  thousand  lives 
were  lost.  Among  the  missing  was  Bishop  Hoare  of 
Hong  Kong. 

We  had  the  pleasure  of  hearing  Dr.  Agnew  Johnston 
at  a  series  of  meetings  held  on  Shameen. 

He  asked,  "Why  do  we  not  have  more  power  with 
God  ?    Because  we  do  not  do  all  God  tells  us  to  do.    We 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  93 

do  not  do  his  commands.  What  is  the  highest  thing 
to  which  we  may  attain?     PrevaiUng  prayer." 

Later,  we  had  another  high  honor  in  the  visit  of  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Darwin  James.  We  still  feel  the  inspiration 
of  their  presence. 

Had  the  honor  of  a  visit  from  Dr.  Mean  of  Phila- 
delphia, who  presented  the  College  with  beautiful  charts. 
These  are  almost  indispensable,  as  no  dissecting  is, 
thus  far,  permitted  in  this  country. 

We  also  had  the  pleasure  of  welcoming  Florence's 
father.  Dr.  Samuel  S.  Wishard,  eighty  years  of  age,  the 
well-known  home  missionary  amongst  the  Mormons 
of  Utah,  and  the  regular  correspondent  for  years  of 
the  Herald  and  Presbyter.  He  gave  an  interesting 
talk  concerning  his  work  amongst  the  Mormons,  tell- 
ing us  beforehand  to  "bring  our  smelling  salts." 

If  you  remember  my  assistant  Valuable,  Mrs.  Mui 
A-Kwai,  who  was  with  me  at  Kwai  Ping,  you  may  be 
interested  to  know  that  one  of  her  daughters,  A-Lin, 
after  studying  medicine,  became  one  of  the  hospital 
directors  and  an  instructor  in  the  college. 

The  young  man  who  married  her  was  a  son  of  a  man 
who  had  come  to  America  for  work.  He  heard  the 
Gospel  in  California,  was  converted  and  at  once  wanted 
to  return  to  China  to  tell  the  Story.  After  theological 
training  in  Canton,  he  was  given  a  charge  of  the  second 
Presbyterian  church  which  had  one  of  the  largest  con- 
gregations in  the  city.  It  was  the  son  of  this  Rev. 
Kwan-Loi  who  married  Dr.  Mui  A-Lin. 

At  present,  Mr.  Kwan  is  the  head  of  our  Chinese 


94  INASMUCH 

Boys*  School  located  on  Fa-Ti.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kwan 
have  an  ideal  Christian  home,  which  means  much  to 
the  many  young  men  on  the  compound. 

Two  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Kwan's  daughters  graduated 
from  the  Hackett  Medical  College.  One  became  assist- 
ant in  the  College  for  several  years.  Then  she  was 
allowed  to  take  a  year  at  Mount  Holyoke  College  and 
another  year  at  Columbia  University.  Upon  return  to 
Canton  she  was  made  Dean  of  Hackett  Medical  College. 

The  conversion  of  Dr.  Fong  Sec  and  Mr.  Kwan  Loi 
in  America  has  meant  a  great  uplift  in  China  in  the 
establishment  of  Christian  homes  and  the  conversion 
of  more  than  we  shall  ever  know.  These  are  just  a 
few  instances  among  thousands.  Mrs.  Kwan  and  Mrs. 
Fong  Sec  were  very  attractive  in  their  marriage  gar- 
ments of  embroidery,  satin,  silk,  jewels  and  their 
raven  hair. 

I  was  sorry  to  lose  my  doctors;  and  I  can  provide 
for  most  contingencies  except  where  the  men  seeking 
wives  are  concerned.  So  greatly  were  my  girls  in  demand 
as  wives  that  I  made  a  rigid  rule  that  no  *one  can  study 
who  is  engaged  to  be  married.  In  every  case  where 
engagements  existed,  the  young  man  demanded  the 
fulfilment  of  the  girl's  promise,  or  that  of  her  parents, 
before  she  could  complete  her  four  years'  course. 

One  young  man  wrote  and  pleaded  and  urged  that 
he  might  marry  one  of  my  third  year  students.  His 
final  plea  was,  how  could  I  so  cruelly  deny  this  great 
pleasure  to  his  aged  mother,  who  was  only  living  to 
see  her  son  bring  home  a  wife.  This  "aged"  parent 
was  just  forty-five! 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  95 

The  work  of  the  year  ends  with  the  giving  of  the 
diplomas,  when  we  have  a  vacation  at  the  Chinese  New 
Year,  when  everybody  takes  a  rest  and  all  business  is 
stopped. 

When  my  brother  returned  from  the  Robert  Morrison 
Centennial  in  Shanghai,  Mr.  Louis  Severance  and  Dr. 
Ludlow  came  with  him  as  his  guests. 

Mr.  Severance  was  much  interested  in  kindergarten 
work  and  offered  to  give  a  building  if  the  work  were 
started.  He  also  gave  money  to  put  a  cement  walk 
along  our  compound  on  the  canal  side,  which  made  it 
safer  and  healthier. 

Dr,  Ludlow,  a  skilful  surgeon  from  Cleveland,  kindly 
consented,  at  my  request,  to  operate,  as  I  wished  the 
students  to  see  best  operating.  He  found  we  needed 
more  equipment.  Mr.  Severance,  hearing  of  this,  told 
me  to  order  all  I  needed,  which  I  did.  I  was  glad  when 
a  year  later,  his  noted  son-in-law.  Dr.  Allen,  President 
of  the  Surgical  Society  in  America,  arrived. 

To  witness  the  operations  of  all  these  celebrities  was 
giving  unusual  opportunities,  as  well  as  high  honor,  to 
the  students. 

Mrs.  Bigelow,  a  thoroughly  competent  teacher,  came 
to  Canton.  Mrs.  Fulton,  remembering  Mr.  Severance's 
promise,  enlisted  her  interest  and  a  school  for  the  little 
ones,  a  few  doors  from  our  compound,  was  opened.  It 
so  delighted  the  Chinese  that  Mrs.  Bigelow  had  to  en- 
gage others  to  help  her,  one  of  whom  was  Grace  Fulton, 
who  had  returned  from  school  in  America. 

As  kindergarten  teachers  were  now  in  demand,  Mrs. 


96  INASMUCH 

Bigelow  developed  the  work  into  what  is  now  the  Union 
Normal  Training  School.  Mr.  Severance's  son  and 
daughter  sent  Mrs.  Fulton  ten  thousand  dollars  for  a 
building  for  this  new  work  and  requested  that  it  be 
called  the  Fulton  Building. 

Mr.  Fulton  was  pushing  the  work  in  the  country.  One 
year  he  baptized  five  hundred  and  had  twenty-five 
churches  in  his  care,  beside  the  care  of  our  large  First 
Church  in  Canton. 

As  his  field  was  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant, 
he  had  to  go  by  boat  much  of  the  way.  On  one  trip, 
he  was  asleep  upon  the  deck  of  the  launch  when  pirates 
fired,  striking  an  iron  bar  near  his  head.  At  another 
time,  he  was  sitting  on  deck  when  pirates,  in  hiding, 
fired  on  the  boat  just  following.  They  selected  that 
boat  because  the  men  on  it  were  returning  from  selling 
their  mulberry  leaves  for  the  use  of  the  silk  worm,  and 
were  supposed  to  have  considerable  money.  These 
pirates  abound  ;  kidnapping  is  frequent. 

At  spare  times  my  brother  had  written  a  book  en- 
titled, "Progressive  and  Idiomatic  Sentences  in  Can- 
tonese Colloquial",  used  by  students  trying  to  learn  the 
southern  dialect.  It  is  now  in  its  fifth  edition.  I  had 
finished  a  third  medical  textbook. 

On  the  old  dye-house  site  we  now  erected  the  new 
Hackett  Hall. 

Another  commencement  came.  Seven  bright  young 
women  received  diplomas,  as  heretofore,  stamped  with 
the  viceroy's  seal. 

His  Excellency  also  sent  three  gold  watches  to  be 


A    cultured    Chinese    lady 
with    hound    feet 


Dr.     Woo     Lin    Kunn, 
graduate    of    Hackett 
Medical    College 


i'4 

0i 

>*"■        S 

im 

1 
-■i 

Ko  Ye  Ku,  once  laid  out 
in  grave  clothes,  who  was 
rescued  and  became  a 
Bible  woman 


Dr.  Loh  and  the  little 
girl  rescued  as  her  mother 
was  about   to   sell  her 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  97 

given  to  the  three  graduates  who  passed  the  highest 
in  the  final  examinations. 

Dr.  Wan  of  Hong  Kong  gave  a  forcible  address.  He 
set  forth  the  magnificent  opportunities  for  original  re- 
search, and  showed  the  remarkable  progress  made  in 
medical  investigation  both  in  combating  and  in  prevent- 
ing disease. 

Dr.  Wan  welcomed  the  entrance  of  young  women  to 
this  important  field  of  work  as  great  factors  in  alleviat- 
ing the  miseries  of  the  Chinese,  so  often  the  consequence 
of  ignorance  of  the  fundamentals  of  the  medical  art. 

Mr.  Wu  Ting  Fang,  formerly  minister  to  the  United 
States,  said  in  his  remarks  that  "he  was  warmly  in 
sympathy  with  this  medical  college.  That  it  was  desir- 
able that  a  woman  should  fit  herself  for  a  work  so 
eminently  suitable  to  her  abilities  and  so  peculiarly 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  her  own  sex." 

The  medical  college  is  one  of  the  most  powerful 
agencies  at  work  in  this  empire  for  the  overthrow  of 
superstition  and  the  enlightenment  of  the  multitudes 
who  are  so  often  the  subjects  of  quacks  and  frauds. 

Already  the  reputation  of  the  college  has  extended  to 
the  other  provinces.  The  number  of  applicants  is  be- 
yond the  capacity  of  the  buildings  to  accommodate  them. 

Among  the  graduates  one  is  the  wife  of  a  prominent 
official  in  the  city. 

From  an  Editorial  in  the  Hong  Kong  Paper : 

In  a  quiet,  unostentations  fashion,  the  Women's  Medical 
College   of   the  American  Presbyterian  Mission   at   Canton   is 


98  INASMUCH 

performing  a  great  work  which  must  have  abiding  effects  on 
the   social   life   in   China. 

It  was  a  happy  inspiration  which  led  to  the  establishment 
of  this  college  where  native  lady  students  could  be  instructed  in 
the  principles  of  western  medicine  and  sent  out  to  their  country- 
women in  time  of  dire  need  in  sickness. 

This  step  in  advance  cannot  be  overestimated  when  we  con- 
sider it  will  do  away  with  the  practice  of  "charming  away 
illness",  fetiches,  and  wearing  of  phylacteries. 

There  is  much  in  the  statement  that  a  nurse  has  received 
her  diploma.  She  is  now  qualified  to  take  her  place  by  the 
bedside  of  her  ailing  sisters.  Chinese  ladies  are  noted  for  their 
delicacy  of  touch,  their  infinite  capacity  for  taking  pains,  their 
cheerfulness  and  good  temper  and  their  willingness  to  assume 
responsibilities.     They  should,  therefore,  make  ideal  nurses. 

The  Training- School  at  Canton  is  likely  to  prove  a  centre 
of  hope  to  many  a  Chinese  woman  who  is  suffering  within  her 
'zenana'. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  a  vast  field  of  enterprise  is  being 
opened  up. 

At  the  next  commencement,  His  Excellency  the  Vice- 
roy came  in  person  to  the  exercises  and  presented  the 
graduates  with  their  diplomas.  It  is  the  first  time  in 
the  history  of  our  work  that  a  Viceroy  himself  has 
thus  honored  the  occasion.  Thus  far,  all  the  official 
class  have  been  very  delightful  to  meet — just  like 
cultured  gentlemen  at  home. 

Taotai  Wan  spoke.  He  pointed  out  how  women  pre- 
ferred the  services  of  women.  He  said  he  felt  ashamed 
to  think  a  foreigner  had  to  come  thousands  of  miles  to 
establish  their  first  woman's  medical  college.  Now  the 
Chinese  should  do  all  they  could  to  aid  this  work. 

"Money  invested  in  such  institutions  as  this  college 
will  bring  vast  relief,  dissipate  prejudice  and  open  the 
way  for  other  needed  reforms  that  will  enable  China 
to  take  a  high  place  amongst  other  nations. 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  99 

The  Presbyterians  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the 
foresight  which  secured  this  plant. 

TRAINING-SCHOOL  FOR  NURSES 

It  is  only  a  few  years  since  the  first  mention  of  such 
an  institution  was  made,  and  yesterday  the  first  nurse 
was  given  her  diploma. 

Women  doctors  are  badly  needed;  but  they  cannot 
be  more  so  than  trained  nurses. 

In  Canton  it  is  almost  impossible  to  get  a  nurse  of 
any  kind  at  any  price.  It  was  to  meet  this  need  Dr. 
Mary  Fulton  decided,  through  Mrs.  Turner's  generosity, 
to  establish  one. 

Both  foreigners  and  Chinese  should  rejoice  that  a 
training-school  has  been  established  in  this  city." 

After  the  exercises,  the  audience  was  invited  to  in- 
spect the  two  new  buildings. 

The  E.  A.  K.  Flackett  lecture  hall  consists  of  three 
stories  and  an  attic.  Besides  the  lecture  rooms,  there 
are  reading-rooms  and  laboratories.  This  is  the  second 
large  building  made  possible  through  the  generosity 
of  Mr.  Hackett. 

June. 
The  water  was  never  so  high.  First  it  came  in  from 
the  canal  over  the  pavement,  then  under  our  gates  into 
the  yard,  into  the  lower  floors  of  the  church  and  hos- 
pital, into  the  kitchens.  We  went  about  from  one 
building  to  another  in  a  boat ;  through  the  lower  floors 
on  rows  of  chairs. 


100  INASMUCH 

This  lasted  about  a  week.  This  whole  end  of  the  city 
was  partly  submerged. 

College  having  closed  for  the  summer,  I  had  two 
buildings  thoroughly  repaired  and  re-painted. 

In  this  country  of  white  ants  and  blistering  sun,  re- 
pairs ought  to  be  made  every  three  or  four  years.  This 
was  our  first  in  seven.  It  cost  nearly  a  thousand  dollars 
beyond  our  regular  appropriations. 

WRITTEN  BY  A  CHINESE 

"About  the  middle  of  June  this  year,  there  was  a 
great  and  fearful  flood  in  the  province  of  Kwangtung 
and  Kwangsi,  caused  by  the  downpour  of  heavy  rains 
for  several  days  and  nights,  which  inundated  several 
districts  and  many  places  along  the  courses  of  the  East 
and  North  Rivers.  It  had  attained  to  the  height  of 
from  forty  to  fifty  feet,  and  the  enbankments  and  dykes 
along  the  paddy  fields  were  broken  and  submerged,  and 
villages  and  towns  turned  into  oceans.  Several  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  people  were  rendered  homeless, 
and  had  to  flee  to  the  mountainous  regions  for  shelter, 
where  they  were  exposed  to  sun  and  rain  without  cloth- 
ing and  food,  and  were  attacked  by  pirates,  who  robbed 
and  carried  away  the  women  and  children.  The  misery 
that  they  had  suffered  was  indescribable.  To  make  the 
matter  worse,  and  thereby  increase  their  misery,  there 
occurred  a  big  typhoon  on  the  25th  of  July  for  several 
hours,  which  destroyed  a  great  number  of  houses,  boats, 
and  killed  thousands  of  people.  Consequently  the 
patriotic  gentry,  merchants  and  other  classes  of  people, 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  101 

have  imitated  the  examples  of  foreign  countries,  by 
instituting  a  bazaar  for  the  sale  of  articles,  for  the  first 
time  in  Canton.  It  was  attended  to  by  ladies  of  the  aris- 
tocratic and  rich  families,  and  was  held  for  one  week. 
The  amount  realized  by  the  sale  of  articles,  mostly 
presented  by  the  ladies,  was  over  one  hundred  and 
seventy  thousand  (silver)  dollars.  Many  high  officials 
and  foreign  consuls  attended  its  inauguration.  The 
success  of  the  bazaar  was  chiefly  attributable  to  the  un- 
tiring exertions  of  the  Chinese  ladies." 

It  was  held  at  the  David  Gregg  Hospital  grounds 
and  adjacent  lots.  As  it  was  vacation,  this  was  made 
possible  by  moving  the  patients  into  the  college  build- 
ing; the  freshly  renovated  buildings  given  up  for  five 
days  to  the  bazaar. 

The  Chinese  were  grateful  and  the  David  Gregg  was 
glad  to  show  its  deep  sympathy  for  them  in  this  dire 
time  of  need.  The  Hackett  College  students  came  back 
to  help.  At  their  stall  they  sold  over  ten  thousand 
dollars'  worth.  They  were  presented  by  different  per- 
sons, who  appreciated  their  zeal,  with  over  fifty  gold 
medals,  besides  several  commendatory  banners. 

The  viceroy's  wife  purchased  a  small  embroidered 
picture,  for  which  she  paid  a  thousand  dollars.  One 
Chinaman  paid  a  thousand  dollars  for  a  bottle  of  lemon- 
ade. Two  thousand  dollars  were  paid  for  a  bottle  of 
aerated  water;  a  thousand  dollars  for  a  small  bowl  of 
macaroni.  An  embroidered  picture,  describing  the 
misery  caused  by  the  flood,  made  by  the  scholars  of 
the  Hackett   Medical   School,  was  purchased   for  one 


102  INASMUCH 


thousand  eight  hundred  dollars.  Seven  hundred  dol- 
lars was  paid  for  a  cup  of  cofifee.  Another  paid  two 
thousand  five  hundred  for  a  bottle  of  soda  water. 

The  hearts  of  the  people  were  stirred  so  that  it  is 
not  surprising  that  over  a  hundred  and  sixty  thousand 
dollars  were  received  during  one  week. 

Wishing  to  thank  Dr.  Fulton  for  the  use  of  her  com- 
pound, an  appreciative  testimony  was  sent.  It  was 
written  on  gold  paper  put  on  white  silk,  framed  with 
teak  wood  and  coyered  with  glass.  It  was  a  couple  of 
yards  long.     It  read  as  follows : 

China  is  filled  with  the  knowledge  of  your  many  virtues. 

There  was  once  a  man  whose  wife,  Yam,  gave  large  sums 
of  money  to  employ  soldiers  to  proteet  property  from  destruc- 
tion by  fire  and  pirates,  and  women  and  children  from  being 
seized  and  carried  off  by  desperadoes. 

By  this  was  peace  effected  in  a  wide  territory. 

In  the  second  dynasty, — Emperor  Sun  Wo — there  lived  a  man 
whose  wife's  name  was  Lau,  who  gave  immense  amounts  to 
help  build  dykes  to  prevent  the  i)Oor  people  from  losing  their 
grain,  their  flocks,  their  liomes  and  lives,  by  the  great  floods 
which  were  apt  to  inundate  that  vast  region. 

These  two  women  are  held  in  highest  esteem,  because  they 
prevented  hardships  to  men;  therefore  all  generations  praise 
them. 

In  this  the  thirty-fourth  year  of  Kwong  Sui,  1906,  we  had  in 
Kwong  Tung  a  flood.  To  help  those  who  suffered  from  this^  a 
bazaar  was  held.  Dr.  Mary  Fulton  generously  and  freely  gave 
her  woman's  college,  The  E.  A.  K.  Hackett  Medical,  for  this 
use.  She  moved  out  her  patients,  opened  her  gates,  took  down 
her  walls.  In  all  this  she  is  like  the  two  above-mentioned 
Chinese  ladies  who  helped  in  calamitous  times. 

China  has  had  many  illustrious  women,  but  none  greater 
than  Dr.  Mary  Fulton.  As  she  has  followed  the  good  examples 
of  Yam  and  Lau,  so  may  our  coming  generations  follow  Dr. 
Mary  Fulton's  example. 

Subscribed:  I  am  eighty  years  old  who  wTite  this  with 
mine  own  hand.    I  am  a  teacher — really  guard —  of  the  present 


RECOGNITION  AND  PROGRESS  103 

Emperor  Kwong  Sui.     I  have  the  first  button,  kap   ge  ting, 
and  was  Viceroy  of  Kwan  Chau.     My  name  is  Tung  Waa  Hi. 

The  "typhoon"  referred  to  was  the  worst  in  years. 

Monday  evening,  there  was  a  glorious  sunset.  Tt 
was  Hke  a  great  throne  of  glory.  Radiating  from  it 
were  bands  of  darting  light  reaching  to  the  zenith,  where 
a  roseate  circle  lined  the  ''heavenly  blue." 

It  seemed  to  promise  a  perfect  tomorrow. 

Shortly  after,  I  was  surprised  to  see  a  darkened  sky 
and  riving  lightning  cleaving  asunder  the  lower  horizon. 

At  midnight  the  wind  was  a  gale.  By  morning  a 
hurricane. 

Three  of  our  brick  walls  were  blown  over.  All  over 
the  city  wreckage  and  debris.  Hundreds  and  hundreds 
of  boat  people  everywhere  were  drowned.  Houses 
shook,  some  fell ;  and  the  flood  of  waters  began  again 
to  rise.     By  afternoon  our  compound  was  flooded. 

In  September,  college  re-opened.  Forty-two  students 
are  studying. 

We  have  had  many  epidemics.  The  14th,  China's 
Emperor,  Kwong  Sui-Kuang-Hsu  died ;  and  the  fol- 
lowing day  the  Empress  Dowager. 

At  once  all  the  red  papers  in  the  city  were  changed 
for  blue,  or  black,  or  white. 

For  twenty-seven  days  there  must  be  no  marriages, 
no  theatres,  no  musical  instruments  played  upon. 

The  new  reign  is  Shun  Tung — "good  policy". 


VI 

The  Closing  Years 

FROM  1908  to  1913,  with  the  exception  of  the  kind 
aid  given  me  by  the  busy  doctors  in  Canton,  in 
teaching,  cHnics,  etc.,  I  had  to  depend  upon  my 
trained  Chinese  helpers. 

Each  year  a  class  was  graduated,  and  in  the  more 
than  a  hundred  to  which  I  had  given  diplomas,  only 
three  were  not  professed  Christians.  I  say  professed 
Christians  because  at  heart  I  believe  the  three  did  want 
to  confess  Christ  but  because  of  bitter  persecution  fhat 
would  follow  in  their  homes,  their  courage  at  this  time 
failed  them. 

Fifty-two  young  women  were  now  studying  at  the 
college.  They  came  from  near  and  far-away  provinces ; 
were  of  many  different  denominations  and  from  mis- 
sions conducted  by  those  from  different  countries.  The 
Hackett  College,  therefore,  was  indeed  a  Union  Med- 
ical College. 

At  different  times  we  have  had  the  pleasure  and 
honor  of  welcoming  many  interested  in  missions:  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Arthur  Brown,  and  Dr.  Fox  of  New  York ; 
Mrs.  Peabody  and  Mrs.  Montgomery,  Dr.  and  Mrs. 
Frances  Clark  and  Mr.  Shaw,  of  Boston;  Mrs. 
Tuenis  HamHn,  Dr.  and  Mrs.  J.  Mills  of  Washington, 
and  the  Misses  Tooker  of  New  Jersey,  by  whose  pres- 

104 


THE  CLOSING  YEARS  105 

ence  we  were  greatly  cheered,  and  whose  appreciative 
words  brought  much  encouragement  under  what  some- 
times seemed  staggering  conditions. 

One  such  condition  was  this.  After  I  had  a  half 
dozen  needed  buildings  up,  and  a  home  for  a  foreign 
staff,  in  answer  to  my  urgent  appeal  for  a  doctor  and 
nurse,  they  were  sent.  Arriving,  they  were  to  have 
two  years  for  uninterrupted  study.  At  the  end  of  this 
period,  just  as  they  were  ready  to  help,  two  of  the  "dear 
brethren"  carried  them  off.  Then  I  had  to  begin  all 
over  again  in  getting  another  doctor  and  nurse. 

When  Dr.  Clark  was  with  us,  the  weather  being 
chilly,  fires  were  built  in  the  grates  on  Christmas  day. 
While  he  and  his  party  were  in  the  city,  I  heard  some- 
thing upstairs  fall  and  sent  to  see  what  it  was.  When 
the  boy  returned,  white-faced,  he  exclaimed,  "The  house 
is  on  fire!"  At  once  I  sent  for  the  hospital  helpers; 
Dr.  Boyd,  who  Hved  next  door,  hurried  over.  The 
women  and  men  stood  in  a  line  from  the  canal  to  the 
attic  handing  up  pails  of  water. 

During  this  time  my  brother  returned  and  helped  me 
fight  the  fire  on  the  third  floor.  In  less  than  one  hour 
the  flames  were  extinguished,  owing  to  Dr.  Boyd's 
prompt,  courageous  and  hard  work,  together  with  the 
calm,  quick  work  of  the  Chinese. 

On  investigation  we  found  that  when  the  house  was 
built,  one  of  the  large  beams  supporting  the  roof  had 
been  run  right  through  the  chimney.  From  the  several 
grate  fires  on  this  day,  the  heat  was  sufficient  to  set  the 
beam  ablaze. 


106  INASMUCH 

At  half  past  one  o'clock  our  party  had  returned  and 
dinner  was  served.  Dr.  Clark  declared  it  was  *'a  good 
one". 

I  often  returned  from  attending  those  ill  at  home, 
sick  at  heart.  In  every  house  I  found  either  bound 
feet,  those  afflicted  with  tuberculosis  or  those  addicted 
to  the  use  of  opium ;  sometimes  all  three. 

While  presenting  the  Gospel  to  a  patient  in  her  well- 
to-do  home,  her  husband  walked  in  calmly,  lifted  a 
large,  curved  teak-wood  stool  and  carried  it  out.  The 
wife  dared  not  object,  but  later  said,  **Hc  has  done  this 
for  so  long  a  time  I  will  soon  have  nothing  left",  and 
she  might  have  added,  "And  then  he  will  try  to  sell 
me." 

In  a  published  letter  my  brother  says : 

Our  boat  is  anchored  in  the  large  city  of  Wu  Chow,  a  few 
miles  within  the  borders  of  Kwong  Sai  Province.  We  not  only 
preached  the  word  but  healed  the  sick.  This  morning  I  walked 
around  the  mountain  side,  went  into  a  small  village  of  mud 
huts.  A  few  hundred  feet  away  is  a  broad  river  which  drams 
thousands  of  square  miles,  and  pours  its  water  into  the  South- 
ern Ocean. 

There  is  not  a  trace  of  beauty,  but  the  missionary  must 
not  turn  his  back  for  these  things.  The  walls  of  the  houses 
are  built  with  mud  and  the  roof  thatched  with  coarse  grass. 
Which  is  a  stable  and  which  is  a  house,  no  one  could  say. 

I  was  asked  to  come  into  a  shed  which  had  only  two  walls: 
the  others  had  been  washed  away  by  the  flood.  In  one  corner 
was  a  rude  bed,  in  which  were  opium,  pipe  and  the  lamp. 
Shortly  afterwards  the  wretched  victim  came  in.  One  glance 
at  his  face  told  the  story.  He  had  once  been  a  strong  young 
man;  he  had  smoked  opium  ten  years.  For  some  years  after 
he  began,  he  could  get  work;  but  now  few  men  would  employ 
him  because  he  did  not  have  the  strength  of  former  days.  He 
was  so  sick  that  he  could  barely  earn  enough  to  buy  opium, 
and  had  to  get  his  support  from  his  father,  who  was  seeking 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS 


lo; 


to  cast  him  away.  For  years,  when  he  could  get  work  his 
wages  were  eight  cents  a  day  and  his  opium  bill  four  to 'five 
Had  the  pleasure  been  as  harmless  as  sea-bathing  he 
would  have  done  wrong  to  spend  one  half  of  his  income  for 
purely  self-emoyment;  but  every  day  his  indulgence  Te?t  hiS 
physically  and  morally  weaker.  ^ 

Pipe  victim  is  written  on  his  face.  Look  at  his  emaciated 
form,  glassy  eyes,  pallid  face,  dark  lines  under  hisTyes  and 
his  usual  ragged  and  dirty  attire,  and  you  have  some  of  the 
external  marks  of  the  pipe's  work.  He^esembles  a  vigorous 
nian  about  as  much  as  a  ship  just  out  of  a  typhoon  resemWes 
the  proud  vessel  on  smooth  water.  it^hemoies 

In  tills  filtliy  environment  we  realize  tliat  opium  not  onlv 
smites  the  victim  but  entails  great  bodily  suffering  by  m- 
anre^erv^lm-^"."^-/^""!^  ^'"''^  ^"*  ^^  opium^smTkin", 
this  empL.         ^  ^""^  '*'  '"''^''-     ^^'y  ^^""^^^^  ^^^^on,  in 

I  visited  recently  a  small  island  in  the  West  River  where 
iTonffTr  o"  ^"^'"^-     '"  ''''>  ^^"-  P-^  «%-e  mil- 

"O  God!  who  in  Thy  dear  still  heaven, 

Dost  sit  and  wait  to  see 
The  errors,  sufferings  and  crimes 

Of  our  humanity, 
How  deep  must  be  Thy  casual  love  ; 

How  whole  Thy  final  care! 
Since  Thou,  who  rulest  over  all. 

Canst  see,  and  yet  canst  bear." 

In  1913  the  Place  Prepared  was  ready  for  the  dear 
samtly  mother  who  was  in  her  eight-seventh  year  when 
the  Master  came  one  early  morning  and  quietly  spoke 
to  her.  With  a  peace  past  expression,  she  joyfully  went 
with  Him. 


108  INASMUCH 

All  that  loving  kindness  and  flowers  could  express 
was  shown  by  the  foreign  community  and  the  Chinese 
who  loved  and  venerated  her. 

For  the  first  time  in  this  empire,  the  graduates  wore 
caps  and  gowns,  and  this  unique  feature  marks  another 
step  in  imitation  of  western  methods  which  appealed 
favorably  to  under-graduates  and  those  interested  in 
educational  work. 

Dr,  H.  W.  Boyd  gave  an  eminently  instructive  ad- 
dress on  the  white  plague.  He  showed  the  wide-spread 
nature  of  this  terrible  disease  and  urged  sanitation 
strongly  upon  people  carrying  it  in  incipient  stages, 
and  the  need  of  extreme  cleanliness  in  the  home  and 
told  how,  in  certain  stages,  it  should  be  isolated  and  an 
abundant  supply  of  fresh  air  allowed. 

The  Christian  character  of  the  college  is  of  prime 
significance.  The  faculty  reserve  the  right  to  withhold 
the  diplomas  from  students  for  any  act  of  impropriety 
and  for  any  reason  which  in  their  judgment  disqualifies 
them  for  the  medical  vocation. 

In  a  letter  from  Dr.  Robert  Beebe: 

"Can  you  tell  me  of  any  doctor  (Chinese)  available 
to  take  charge  of  our  women  in  Chin  Kiang? 

"One  of  the  Hacket  Medical  graduates  has  done 
so  well  at  An-King,  in  the  Episcopalian  hospital  that  I 
have  wondered  if  we  could  not  get  one  for  Chin  Kiang. 
The  doctor  there  is  obliged  to  go  home  for  treatment 
and  our  ladies  are  looking  for  a  doctor  who  can  take 
up  the  work  in  connection  with  the  foreign  nurse. 

"I  am  writing  at  their  request." 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS  109 

The  twentieth  was  China's  first  day  of  her  New 
Year.     Almost  everything  is  at  a  complete  standstill. 

As  the  Tartar  general  was  returning  in  a  sedan  chair, 
he  was  shot. 

The  twenty-ninth  there  were  rumors  of  trouble  every- 
where. A  number  of  soldiers  in  the  city  were  shot 
People  are  fleeing  to  Hong  Kong.  Many  of  the  city 
gates  are  closed.  The  people  are  frightened  and  anxious. 
One  night  I  was  awakened  by  an  earthquake,  but  it 
lasted,  fortunately,  but  for  a  moment. 

Just  now  is  a  feast  of  lanterns.  All  the  roofs  are 
gay  with  decorations. 

The  Manchurians  are  becoming  alarmed  at  the  anti- 
dynastic  outbreaks. 

October  twenty-sixth.  Province  after  province  is 
gomg  over  to  the  revolutionists.  The  city  is  alive  with 
excitement  because  the  Manchus  have  yielded  to  the 
revolutionists.  The  reports  of  fire-crackers  are  heard 
everywhere. 

The  thirtieth.  Political  matters  have  thrown  the  city 
into  a  turmoil.  There  is  only  standing  room  on  the 
trains  and  boats  leaving  Canton.  The  revolutionists 
have  taken  Pekin.  They  have  sent  word  to  our  vice- 
roy, here  in  Canton,  to  capitulate  or  they  will  march  on 
the  city  tomorrow. 

November  tenth.  The  viceroy  has  abdicated.  Kwong- 
Tung  declares  itself  independent.  The  new  flag  floats 
over  many  places.  On  the  Sabbath,  our  Chinese  pastor 
said,  'This  is  the  first  Sunday  of  the  new  country  " 
All  the  queues  are  being  cut  ofl^.     Men  go  along  the 


no  INASMUCH 

streets  with  shears  cutting  off  all  the  queues  they  can. 

Fourteen  provinces  have  capitulated.  Almost  all 
schools  have  been  dismissed.  Many  young  men  have 
gone  to  vi^ar,  and  even  the  women  are  trying  to  go. 

December  seventeenth.  Shooting  was  heard  all  last 
night.  A  noted  pirate  with  a  thousand  of  his  men  joined 
the  revolutionists.  They  proved  false,  it  being  discov- 
ered that  they  were  in  the  employment  of  the  imperial- 
ists. They  began  rifling  the  temples,  hoping  thus  to 
cause  the  people  to  rise  against  the  Christians,  which 
might  bring  about  foreign  intervention.  But  the  revo- 
lutionists discovered  their  perfidy  and  marched  on  their 
barracks,  from  which  the  whole  band  fled. 

The  thirty-first.  While  in  church,  we  heard  tremen- 
dous firing.  It  was  later  learned  that  seventeen  prov- 
inces had  voted  Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen  for  president  and 
wished  to  make  Nanking  the  capital. 

January  tzvcnticth,  1912.  The  medical  congress  for 
all  the  doctors  in  the  Orient  opened  its  biennial  meet- 
ing today  in  Hong  Kong.  Fifteen  of  the  delegates 
attended   the   Hackett   Medical   College   Comencement. 

February  ninth.  At  midnight,  a  few  feet  from  our 
hospital  gate,  trouble  arose.  Rebellious  soldiers  were 
quartered  in  the  large  gambling  shed,  and  one  of  the 
generals  was  trying  to  disarm  them.  Some  of  the  shots 
came  on  our  verandas.  The  guns  they  tried  to  hide 
in  the  locust  pond  back  of  the  hospital.  As  some  of 
our  nurses  saw  them,  the  soldiers  called  up  to  them, 
that  if  they  told  they  would  kill  them. 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS  111 

The  eighteenth.  Dr.  Sun  arrived  at  Canton.  There 
is  great  rejoicing. 

I  am  informed  by  the  acting  Governor  General  that  to- 
morrow, the  7th  inst.,  Canton  will  celebrate  the  election  of 
Dr.  Sun  as  president  of  the  republic  and  that  salutes,  etc., 
will  be  fired. 

I  communicate  this  to  you  so  that  the  ladies  of  your  family 
may  understand  the  reason  of  the  firing  of  heavy  guns,  I  am 

Your  obedient  servant, 
Leo  Bergholtz, 
Consul  General. 

Ex-President's  residence. 
May  7th,  1912. 

Dear  Dr.  Fulton: 

In  reply  to  your  letter.  Dr.  Sun  Yat  Sen  wishes  me  to  say 
he  accepts  with  pleasure  your  kind  invitation  to  attend  the 
graduating  exercises  of  the  Hackett  Medical  College  on  the 
15th  of  May.     I  am 

Yours  very  truly, 

E.  R.  Soong  (Private  Sec'ty). 

In  1915  the  conference  for  medical  missionaries  was 
held  in  Shanghai.  Up  to  this  time  I  had  translated 
Who  Is  God?  Remarkable  Answers  to  Prayer,  by- 
Whittle;  A  Book  on  Diseases  of  Children;  Roller  Ban- 
daging, by  Hopkins,  two  editions ;  Nursing  in  Abdom- 
inal Surgery,  two  editions ;  Penrose's  Gynecology,  two 
editions;  Holt's  Textbook  of  the  Diseases  of  Infancy, 
two  editions. 

When  a  hurried  call  came  for  one  on  surgery,  I  also 
assisted  with  that,  and  in  the  same  way  with  a  book  on 
nursing. 


112  INASMUCH 

Philadelphia, 
April  10,  1908. 
Dear  Dr.  Fulton: 

A  few  days  ago  I  received  a  second  and  final  volume  of  your 
translation  of  my  book.  Thank  you  very  much  for  sending 
it  to  me. 

I  congratulate  you  on  the  completion  of  the  Avork  and  hope 
that  your  students  will  find  it  of  use.     With  kind  regards, 

Sincerely  yours, 

C.  B.  Penrose. 

Dear  Dr.  Fulton: 

I  have  just  received  from  Miss  Webber  of  Eochester,  a 
copy  of  the  first  book  on  Infancy  and  Childhood  which  you 
have  translated  into  Cliinese.  So  far  as  I  know,  your  work  is 
extremely  well  done,  though  I  confess  my  knowledge  of  Chinese 
is  not  extensive,  but  about  that  of  an  average  American. 

I  am  sorry  to  have  delayed  so  long  in  sending  you  the  re- 
vised edition  of  the  Diseases  of  Infancy  and  Childhood.  Its 
publication  was  much  later  than  we  had  anticipated  and  came 
out  only  very  recently. 

I  am  very  much  interested  in  your  Avork  and  I  shall  be  glad 
to  know  whether   your   students   find  the  book   useful. 

Yours  sincerely, 

L.  Emmett  Holt. 

From  the  daily  paper: 

The  twelfth  annual  commencement  exercises  of  the  E.  A. 
Hackett  Medical  College  at  Canton  were  held  Thursday  after- 
noon, June  ( 18th,  in  the  Theodore  Cuyler  Memorial  Church, 
Lafayette  compound.  The  church  was  beautifully  decorated 
with  flowers  and  bunting,  and  densely  packed. 

Honorable  F.  D.  Cheshire,  American  consul  general,  pre- 
sided. On  the  platform  were  Dr.  Mary  H.  Fulton,  president 
of  the  college,  and  a  number  of  Chinese  dignitaries. 

In  his  address  of  welcome,  Mr.  Cheshire  outlined  the  history 
of  the  college,  emphasizing  the  great  need  of  such  an  institu- 
tion in  South  China,  and  predicted  a  brilliant  future. 

The  last  speaker  was  Dr.  W.  W.  Cadbury  of  the  Canton 
Christian  College,  who  spoke  at  length  on  the  attributes  of 
the  ideal  medical  college.  He  believed,  from  his  experience 
in  China,  that  if  given  proper  facilities  for  medical  education, 


THE  AUGUSTA  FULTON  MEMORIAL  CHURCH 
SHANGHAL    CHINA 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS 


113 


t^le'^'^ZThTLTlf'"''  ^,^^^l«P-g  doctors  of  the  highest 
type,   and  he  took   occasion  to   express  to   Dr.   Marv  Fultm, 
pioneer  m  this  work,  the  appreciation  of  the  medical  fratenity 
Z?oTlT  f  ^*^'  ^"'^  '^'  ^"^  ^^hi^^^d  i^  starting  this  school 

to  be  est^wlt!^  7  "'^^^  ^'""''^  ^^^  ^^^«h  i«  the  first  coHege 
to  be  establ  shed  for  women  in  China.  He  closed  the  idrlrp?^ 
with  a  stirring  appeal  to  the  students  regarding  the  necessity 
lit::  V^2f  stnde'tT^l^'^  -^^^^^^^^^  *^^--''-  i""h- 

Upon  the  conclusion  of  the  commencement  exercises  the 
dedication  of  the  McWilliams  building  took  place.  Mr  Ches 
hl%  '""J'"'  "'"'*  ^'"^^^  «^^^^'  performed  tWs  office  and  hL 
iW  on  T  .7f  T  ^'''''^  T'^  ^-^PP^^^^^  ^'^'^  the  large  gather 
ing  on  Lafayette  compound.  He  ended  by  unlocking  the  doors 
of  the  new  building  and  extending  an  invitation  to  fhZ 
present  to  enter  and  thoroughly  inspect  the  same  "" 

Ihe  building  IS  a  handsome  edifice  built  of  reenforced  con- 
crete, fire-proof  throughout.  It  is  'equipped  wHh  the  most 
modern  accessories,  illuminated  by  a  semfdirect  fghdng  sys 
tem,  and  every  part  of  the  building  is  thoroughly  yentLted 
It  consists  of  fourteen  rooms,  nine^f  which  fre^for  prS^^^^^^^^ 
patients;  also  a  general  ward  containing  seventeen  beds-  th?ee 

LTnleTfini  ^d '^T'?^ -^^^"J   f  or^lass  insLcdon,*  th 
ast  named  finished  entirely  in  white  and  fascinating  in   its 
modernity  of  design.     Eight  rows  of  seats,  rising  t  er^on  tier 
encircle  the  room  and  command  an  unobstructed  Wew  of  both 

:^rXu^  ""'''  ''''-'''  '-'''''  -"^^^  ^~- 

pn^^T'^'  the  building  stands  for  all  that  modern  thought 
and   modern   equipment   can   offer   in   the   making   of   a   most 

L^ed:?  inl^futm^'  '^^*°°  ^^  "^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^"^  '^  "^^  --^^ 
f^rTL^if*  Fulton,  Whose  untiring  services  in  the  cause  of  suf- 

^?3f  1^''''''^^.^^?,'"^^"  P^«^^^^^  th^  e^^^tion  of  this  mag- 
nificent hospital  m  Canton,  sincere  thanks  and  support  of  the 
community    both  foreign  and  native,  are  respectful  due 

A  piece  de  resistance  was  yet  in  store  for  the  guests  who, 
Dr  P,  r  ceremonies  had  come  to  an  end,  were  invited  b^ 
wl;/  ^  f  P"""^*^  residence,  where  their  baser  appetites 

Nvere  appealed  by  an  abundance  of  refreshments. 

It  having  been  decided  to  found  a  Union  theological 
college  in  Canton,  a  site  was  purchased  and  the  adminis- 


114  INASMUCH 

tration  building  was  made  possible  through  the  gift  of 
nine  thousand  dollars  by  Mrs.  McCormick  of  Chicago, 
At  her  request,  it  was  named  the  Albert  Fulton  Hall. 

My  brother  now  had  about  thirty  churches  in  the 
country  and  had  sent  many  young  men  up  from  his 
field  to  study  in  this  theological  school ;  one  year  send- 
ing up  twenty-five.  In  order  to  be  near  this  work  he 
moved  from  Lafayette  compound  to  the  Theological 
compound,  down  the  river  several  miles. 

Many  of  the  wives  of  these  theological  students  were 
unable  to  read  or  write.  To  aid  them,  Mrs.  Fulton 
opened  the  Elsie  Berkeley  School  for  all  who  could 
leave  their  homes  and  take  this  Bible  course. 

In  the  bulletin  of  the  Hackett  Medical  College  for 
1915-16  we  read,  "At  the  China  Medical  Mission  Asso- 
ciation, a  resolution  was  passed  'that  we  request  the 
American  Presbyterian  Board  to  allow  Dr.  Mary  Fulton 
to  give  her  full  time  to  the  work  of  the  publication 
committee.'  In  order  to  do  this,  Dr.  Fulton  desired 
to  be  released  from  other  cares.  The  strain  of  the 
work  that  she  has  borne  for  many  years  was  greatly 
augmented  by  the  loss  of  the  one  who  had  been  her 
sustainer  and  comforter  in  all  her  anxiety. 

"The  strength  of  her  executive  ability  is  seen  in  the 
work  as  it  has  gone  on  in  her  absence.  The  wheels 
upon  wheels  have  gone  on  in  motion  as  heretofore. 
From  year  to  year  the  standard  of  excellence  has  been 
raised.  It  is  not  to  be  wondered  at  that  she  feels  her 
strength  can  not  meet  the  advancing  demands  which 
she  has  created.*' 


THE  CLOSING  YEARS  115 

When  Dr.  Martha  Hackett  and  Dr.  Harriett  Allen 
came,  they  were  to  have  the  usual  time  for  studying 
the  language  which  requires  several  hours  a  day  for 
two  years  before  work  is  supposed  to  be  actually  taken 
up,  and  then  rather  severe  examinations  at  the  end  of 
the  third  year.  Nobly  have  they  assumed  responsibility 
of  all  the  work. 

A  gift  of  two  thousand  dollars  gold  from  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  David  Gamble  made  it  possible  to  educate  a  num- 
ber of  worthy  students  who  otherwise  would  have  been 
unable  to  take  the  course. 

The  Misses  Tooker  gave  two  thousand  dollars,  which 
was  used  for  the  building  of  the  students'  laboratories. 
This  dispensary  building  consists  of  two  stories.  The 
second  floor  is  used  for  the  different  laboratories : 
bacteriology,  histology,  pathology,  embryology,  besides 
two  small  laboratories.  This  was  planned  and  built  by 
Dr.  Hackett,  who  has  also  purchased  property  outside 
the  compound  in  order  to  have  more  room  for  the  ex- 
panding work. 

Canton, 
December  6th,  1915. 
Dear  Dr.  Fulton: 

Your  old  pupils  of  the  Hackett  Medical  School  have  formed 
an  organization  for  the  sole  purpose  of  establishing  a  hospital 
for  contagious  diseases  in  memory  of  your  good  and  noble 
work  in  Canton,  also  to  express  our  many  appreciations  and 
esteem   for    you. 

We  have  received  the  support  of  the  whole  student  body 
to  accept  the  responsibility  of  raising  the  money  for  the  site 
and  buildings. 

Our  purpose  is  not  only  to  put  up  this  hospital  but  to  beg 
you  to  return  to  Canton  to  help  us  in  the  way  that  you  only 


116  INASMUCH 

can  know  how.  Without  your  being  at  the  head  of  things  we 
feel  that  our  efforts  would  go  to  naught.  We  therefore  beg 
you  to  return  and  look  forward  to  your  favorable  report  with 
anxiety. 

We  trust  that  your  final  decision  will  be  to  return.  We 
remain^ 

The  Committee, 
Signed  for  the  Committee, 
J.  Fong. 

About  fourteen  years  after  the  Kwan  Ping  trouble, 
we  met  missionaries,  a  gentleman  and  his  wife,  who 
found  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country  still  hos- 
tile,— the  literati.  At  one  time  these  two  *'alone  ones" 
lowered  their  most  valuable  papers,  etc.,  in  a  bucket 
down  into  the  well  as  they  heard  their  house  was  to  be 
attacked  and  they  themselves  driven  out.  They  were 
saved  this,  however,  and  after  that  worked  along  quietly. 
Three  had  made  a  profession  of  their  faith. 

The  people  whom  we  had  befriended  sent  a  letter 
asking  our  return ;  but  it  was  then  too  late.  Some  day 
there  will  be  a  glorious  reaping  in  this  hostile  province. 

Admiral  Pong's  village  is  no  longer  a  place  to  be 
dreaded,  as  formerly  when  his  name  was  a  terror. 
Christianity  is  planted  there  to  stay. 

Miss  Stewart,  the  daughter  of  the  martyred  mission- 
aries, is  now  a  missionary  going  on  with  the  work 
snatched  from  her  parents'  hands. 

Our  "pig  village"  has  blossomed.  Is  it  not  Dr.  Van 
Dyke  who  says,  "Bacon  is  the  blossom  of  the  little 
pig  ?"  It  may  be  in  America,  but  in  China  it  bloomed 
into  a  compound.     The  first  bud  that  opened  showed 


THE  CLOSING  YEARS  117 

a  flower  of  large  proportions  and  sweetest  fragrance — 
The  Theodore  Cuyler  Church. 

From  the  second  bud  was  unfolded  the  David  Gregg 
Hospital  and  its  fine  Perkins  Memorial. 

The  third  bud,  so  eagerly  awaited,  burst  out  into 
the  first  Medical  College  for  Women  in  the  empire. 

The  fourth,  the  Julia  M.  Turner  Training  School 
for  Nurses,  brought  forth  grateful  thanks  from  a  mul- 
titude. 

The  fifth  is  the  Zanesville  Presbyterian  House,  at 
which  inn  a  traveller  has  received  much  refreshment 
on  her  way  to  "Jerusalem". 

These  blossoms  are  peculiar  in  that  they  never  fade. 
This  is  because  of  "the  prayers  of  the  saints"  in  the 
home  land,  which  bring  down  showers  of  daily  blessings. 

China  is  awakening  so  rapidly  that  she  is  not  only 
crying  from  hunger,  but  one  may  say  screaming  for 
immediate  nourishment  in  the  way  of  books  and  help 
of  every  kind. 

We  will  let  friends  close  this  account  of  Dr.  Mary 
Fulton's  long  term  of  service  in  China. 

From  the  Union  Cantonese  Church  Paper: 

A  NOTABLE  GATHERING 
By  Mrs.  Frank  D.  Gamewell 

Invitations  were  out  for  a  farewell  reception  to  be  given 
Dr.  Mary  H.  Fulton,  May  19th,  by  the  members  of  the  Canton- 
ese Union  Church.  My  husband  and  I  were  delighted  to  be 
included  among  the  foreign  guests,  and  are  deeply  interested 
in  the  newly-organized  church  and  its  wideawake  interdenom- 
inational constituency.  The  eventful  day  dawned  bright  and 
balmy.  As  we  wended  our  way  to  the  Presbyterian  chapel, 
where  the  congregation  is  temporarily  worshiping,  we  noticed 


118  INASMUCH 

with  pleasure,  among  others  moving  in  the  same  direction, 
several  entire  families  of  Chinese — husband,  wife  and  children 
— a  beautiful  sight  and  one  that  belongs  altogether  to  the  new 
order  of  things  in  China.  From  the  chapel  door  floated  a 
handsome  Eepublican  flag,  while  inside  the  building  festoons 
of  small,  gay-colored  banners  fluttered  overhead,  and  clusters 
of  feathery  bamboo  along  the  walla  and  around  the  platform 
added  to  the  gala  appearance.  Just  in  front  of  the  altar  stood 
a  table  on  which  were  placed  a  decorated  marble  tablet  in  a 
frame  of  Canton  black-wood,  a  large  silver  bowl  and  a  silver 
loving-cup 

That  autumn  I  went  to  America  and  was  gone  a  year.  On 
my  return  I  called  on  Dr.  Fulton  and  learned  to  my  sorrow 
that  her  old  enemy^  asthma,  was  more  persistent  tlian  ever, 
and  that  she  would  be  obliged  to  seek  a  more  favorable  climate 
in  the  home-land.  I  ventured  to  inquire  how  the  project  for 
a  Cantonese  church  was  coming  on.  "It  is  no  longer  a  project, 
it  is  a  reality  I "  she  said.  "Yes,  indeed",  continued  Dr.  Fulton 
happily^  "We  have  a  fine  Sunday  congregation,  a  growing 
membership,  a  live  Sunday  School,  a  day-school  with  fifty 
pupils  and  a  free  school  with  more  than  sixty  boys  and  girls, 
and  our  new  church  building  is  well  above  ground  and  being 
hurried  on  to  completion.^' 

The  next  Sunday  morning,  at  Dr.  Fulton's  invitation,  Mr. 
Gamewell  and  I  attended  the  Cantonese  service.  We  were 
much  impressed  with  the  character  of  the  audience,  the  large 
majority  young  people  of  the  best  type,  a  number  of  them, 
returned  students,  men  and  women  of  high  ideals  and  practical 
aims  who  feel  they  have  a  distinct  mission  to  their  fellow 
countrymen  in  our  great  city.  At  the  close  of  the  service, 
one  of  the  elders.  Dr.  Fong  Sec,  showed  ua  the  skeleton  of  the 
new  plant.  When  finished,  this  churcli  building  will  be  one 
of  the  sightliest  and  most  commodious  in  Shanghai.  The 
ground-floor  is  to  be  reserved  for  the  use  of  the  day-schools, 
and  the  auditorium  above  will  be  large  enough  to  accomodate 
four  hundred  comfortably.  A  neat  parsonage  is  being  erected 
close  by. 

Presented  to 
Dr.  MAEY  H.  FULTON 
by  the  Cantonese  Union  Church  of  Shanghai 
in  grateful  appreciation  of 
thirty-three  years  of   disinguished,   meritorious   service   in  be- 
half of  the  spiritual  uplift  and  physical  health  of  the  people 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS  119 

of    China,    especially    in    laying    the    foundations    of    medical 
science  for  and  among  Cantonese  women  by 

Organizing  the  David  Gregg  Hospital  for  Women  and  Chil- 
dren, 

Founding    the    Hackett    Medical    College    for    Women, 
Establishing  the  Turner   Training   School  for  Nurses, 
Initiating   the   formation    of   the    Cantonese   Union   Church, 
Assisting  the  erection  of  its  church  edifice.     An  inspiration 
to  colleagues,  pupils  and  friends,  far-seeing  in  the  accomplisli- 
ment  of  good,  unfailing  in  resource  and  cordiality,  matchless 
in  devotion,  and  exemplary  in  conduct,  Dr.  Fulton  personifies 
the  noblest  and  most  practical  spirit  of  missionary  endeavor. 
On  her  enforced  return  to  America,  the  Cantonese  Christians 
of  Shanghai  hope  and  pray  for  Dr.  Fulton's  early  restoration 
to  that  perfect  health  which  she   has   striven  so   successfully 
to  bestow  to  others. 

Then  followed  the  marble  tablet,  and  finally  the  exquisite 
silver  chalice,  which  the  minister  placed  in  the  hands  of  little 
Laura,  who  in  turn  with  sweet,  childish  grace,  presented  it  to 
Dr.  Fulton. 

Feeling  now  ran  high,  and  tears  were  pretty  near  the  sur- 
face, but  the  recipient  of  all  these  love-tokens,  by  her  ever- 
ready  humor,  saved  the  day  for  herself  and  all  of  us 

She  then  went  on  to  speak  of  the  future  of  the  church,  saying 
she  had  no  fear  in  leaving;  the  work  would  go  straight  on. 
It  was  already  established  on  a  firm  foundation,  and  those  to 
whom,  under  God_  the  care  of  it  was  entrusted,  would  not  fail. 
She  exhorted  the"  people  to  "Keep  the  unity  of  the  Spirit  in 
the  bond  of  peace,"  reminding  them  that  no  note  of  discord  had 
yet  been  sounded,  and  that  it  was  her  prayer  that  harmony 
might  always  prevail.  In  closing,  she  gave  as  her  charge  to 
her  dearly-beloved  people  the  words  in  Galatians,  first  chapter, 
verses  12  and  13,  reading  slowly  and  Impressively  from  her 
Cantonese  Bible.  A  hush  fell  upon  the  congregation  as  the 
clear  voice  proceeded,  and  it  is  safe  to  say  the  impression  made 
in  that  solemn  moment  will  not  be  forgotten. 


120  INASMUCH 

FAREWELL  ADDRESS 

(Delivered  at  the  farewell  reception  in  honor  of  Dr. 
Mary  H.  Fulton  at  the  Cantonese  Union  Church  of 
Shanghai  on  May  19,  1911,  by  Fong  F.  Sec,  Ph.D.) 

I  deem  it  an  honor  and  a  privilege  to  be  called  upon 
to  give  expression  to  the  sentiments  that  are  uppermost 
in  our  hearts  as  we  bid  Dr.  Fulton  farewell.  .  .  . 
It  has  been  my  privilege  to  know  her  for  more  than  ten 
years,  and,  as  Mrs.  Fong  was  one  of  her  students  and 
an  assistant  for  three  years,  I  have  a  good  chance  to 
know  her,  and  I  have  a  great  admiration  for  her  be- 
cause of  her  splendid  work  for  the  uplift  of  Chinese 
womanhood 

Realizing  the  great  need  for  many  women  physicians 
to  help  alleviate  the  sufferings  of  the  millions  of  wo- 
men of  China,  Dr.  Fulton  undertook  the  task  of  meet- 
ing this  urgent  need She  opened  the 

first  medical  school  for  women  in  China  with  nine 
students  on  the  ground  floor  of  the  First  Presbyterian 

Church  in  1901 The  Report  of  the 

College  for  1914-15,  issued  just  before  Dr.  Fulton 
came  to  Shanghai,  showed  that  more  than  sixty  young 
women  finished  the  four-year  course,  and  that  about 
fifty  students  were  then  taking  the  regular  course 

From  1901,  when  the  college  was  opened  without 
buildings  and  money,  to  1915,  when  ill  health  compelled 
Dr.  Fulton  to  turn  over  the  work  to  other  hands,  is  a 
period   of    fourteen   years.      During   that   period   she 


THE  CLOSING  YEARS  (2i 

erected  and  equipped  the  cluster  of  clean-lookincr  and 
spacous  modern  buildings  in  the  western  suburb  of 
Canton,  known  as  the  Ufayette  compound,  which  is 
worth  at  least  $100,000.     This  afternoon,  if  we  could 
stand  on  one  of  the  hills  to  the  north  of  Canton  as  I 
once  stood,  and  look  down  on  the  "City  of  Rams"  we 
would  be  struck  with  the  imposing  buildings  of  brick 
and  reinforced  concrete  three  and  four  stories  high,  well 
planned  and  adapted  to  the  tropical  climate  of  Kwang- 
tung,  reflected  in  the  Southern  sun  and  towering  above 
the  residences  in  the  neighborhood.    On  one  side  of  the 
compound  >s  the  throbbing  life  of  Canton  with  its  toiling 
«.lhons;  on  the  other  is  the  plain  with  its  rice  fidd" 
hly  ponds,  tropical  trees,  rivers  and  mountains.   Those 
buildings  stand  as  a  lasting  monument  of  the  achieve- 
SrChil'^^"^'"^^^^^— ^^°-^^~nof 

The  details  in  administering  any  one  of  the  three 
■nstitutions  would  be  sufficient  to  absorb  the  at  e^don 
and  energies  of  a  person  less  efficient  or  of  smaller  ca" 

1  ,'•  ,  '      !      '      •      •     -^^^  translated  text-books  ar^ 
puWished     y  the  Missionary  Medical  AssociSn  o 
China,  and  are  used  in  medical  schools  all  over  the 

In    915  Dr.  Fulton  came  to  Shanghai.    Here  she  con 
«  her  translation  work.    No  sooner  was  sh    setld 
n  this  city  than  she  made  inquiries  regarding  the  re 
l-g-ous  conditions  of  the  Cantonese  livin'g  in  Sh  nghat 
To  her  surprise  she  found  that  there  was'no  church  fo 


122  INASMUCH 

the  170,000  Cantonese  here,  and  that,  with  the  exception 
of  a  service  in  Cantonese  held  in  the  Baptist  Church 
on  Sunday  afternoon,  there  was  no  reHgious  work  done 
for  them.  She  begun  the  agitation  of  organizing  a 
Cantonese  church.  The  idea  found  a  ready  response  in 
some  of  those  of  us  who,  for  dialect  reasons,  had  felt 
the  need  for  a  church  home  in  which  to  bring  up  our 
children.  Under  her  initiative  the  Cantonese  Union 
Church  of  Shanghai  was  organized.  We  naturally 
longed  to  have  a  church  of  our  own.  However,  as  our 
membership  is  not  large  and  not  many  of  us  are  well 
off,  we  thought  our  hopes  could  not  be  realized  for 
years  to  come.  But  Dr.  Fulton,  always  resourceful,  en- 
couraged us  in  our  hope.  The  Mary  Fulton  Girls'  So- 
ciety of  Indiana,  in  America,  gave  $2,000  gold  and  Mrs. 
Turner  $3,000  gold ;  then  Dr.  Chang,  one  of  her  former 
pupils,  came  forward  with  $5,000  and  Mr.  Au  Ben 
$1,000.     This  made  it  possible  for  us  to  purchase  the 

site The  building  will  be  known  as 

the  Augusta  Fulton  Memorial  Church,  dedicated  to  the 
memory  of  Dr.  Fulton's  sainted  mother,  who  shared 
in  the  doctor's  work  in  China  for  twenty  years,  and 
whose  earthly  remains  now  rest  in  Canton. 

This  enumeration  of  the  outstanding  features  in  Dr. 
Fulton's  work  of  a  third  of  a  century  does  not  convey 
an  idea  of  the  extent  of  her  influence.  We  need  to  go 
into  the  villages  and  cities  of  the  South  and  see  the 
women  whom  she  trained  and  inspired  with  the  ideal 
embodied  in  the  motto  of  the  College,  namely,  "To  save 


THE   CLOSING  YEARS  123 

life  and  spread  the  true  light,"  at  work  before  we  can 
form  any  conception  as  to  how  many  fold  her  life  is 
being  multiplied.  Some  of  the  alumnae  are  filling  po- 
sitions under  the  Government,  in  missionary  hospitals 
and  dispensaries  for  the  poor,  established  by  phil- 
anthropic people,  some  have  hospitals  of  their  own,  and 
others  are  teaching  in  medical  schools.  They  are  not 
only  at  work  in  the  two  Kwang  provinces,  but  in  Fukien, 
Shanghai,  Tientsin,  Peking,  Anhwei,  and  only  recently 
one  passed  through  here  on  her  way  to  fill  a  position 
in  Changsha.  They  are  also  carrying  the  torch  of 
healing  to  the  Island  of  Hainan,  the  Strait  Settlements, 
Hawaii,  America,  and  wherever  Cantonese  are  found. 
It  has  been  truthfully  said  that  all  the  Chinese  women 
physicians  in  South  China  are  either  trained  by  her  or 
one  of  her  students.  Dr.  Fulton  maintained  that  to 
meet  the  increasing  demand  for  properly  qualified  phy- 
sicians, the  best  plan  is  to  educate  Chinese  to  go  amongst 
our  own  people.  The  doctors  and  nurses  she  trained 
are  answering  the  call  heroically.  They  are  assuming 
heavy  responsibilities.  It  may  be  truly  said  of  them, 
they  "Enter  to  learn,  go  forth  to  serve."  .... 
The  Hackett  Medical  College  is  officially  recognized 
and  registered  as  meeting  government  requirements. 
Its  diplomas  bear  the  official  seal  of  the  Kwangtung 
government.  I  remember  so  well  the  graduation  ex- 
ercises which  I  attended  during  the  year  that  I  lived  in 
Canton.  A  friend  and  I  reached  the  First  Presbyterian 
Church  in  which  the  exercises  took  place  some  time 


124  INASMUCH 

before  the  appointed  hour.  We  found  the  church  packed 
with  men,  women  and  children.  The  place  was  elabo- 
rately decorated  with  flowers  of  which  Canton  is  so 
abundant.  On  the  outside  was  the  bodyguard  of  the 
viceroy  of  the  two  Kwang  provinces.  On  the  platform 
were  the  viceroy,  his  commissioner  of  foreign  affairs, 
Mr.  Wen  Chung-yao,  and  officials  of  lesser  rank,  re- 
splendent in  their  official  robes.  Sir  Liang,  former 
Chinese  Minister  to  America,  delivered  the  principal 
address  of  the  occasion.  As  Dr.  Fulton,  in  college  cap 
and  gown,  stood  on  that  platform  and  handed  the  diplo- 
mas to  the  graduating  class,  I  thought  the  sight  was 
wonderfully  impressive  and  the  moment  a  crowning 
one  for  any  life. 

Dr.  Fulton  is  preeminently  a  missionary.  Knowing 
that  the  knowledge  of  medicine  gave  ready  access  to  the 
secluded  homes,  and  that  there  was  no  better  and 
quicker  method  of  making  Christ  known  to  our  people, 
she  emphasized  the  importance  of  training  Christian 
doctors.  Of  all  the  doctors  and  nurses  whom  she 
trained,  only  three  are  not  professing  Christians.  Her 
aim  was  to  place  in  every  city  and  large  town  in  the 
two  Kwang  provinces  at  least  two  Christian  women 
physicians. 

Mrs.  Fong  and  I  are  particularly  indebted  to  Dr. 
Fulton's  kindness, — a  kindness  that  has  enriched  and 
ennobled  our  lives.  I  met  Mrs.  Fong  for  the  first  time 
when  I  went  to  visit  Dr.  Fulton's  hospital.    It  was  not 


THE  CLOSING  YEARS  125 

long  before  I  became  a  regular  caller  at  the  Lafayette 
compound.  Dr.  Fulton  was  so  good  as  to  let  us  have 
the  use  of  her  parlors  in  which  to  do  our  courting,  and 
she  gave  us  a  beautiful  wedding  in  her  home.  In  grate- 
ful appreciation  of  our  indebtedness  to  her,  we  have 
named  our  baby  girl  Mary  Augusta  in  honor  of  her  and 
her  dear  mother,  whose  sweetness  and  nobility  of  char- 
acter impressed  us  very  much.  Our  little  Mary  will 
perpetuate  Dr.  Fulton's  influence  in  our  home.  It  will 
be  our  aim  to  train  our  little  one  to  follow  her  example. 
After  saying  all  this,  I  feel  that  my  words  are  so 
feeble  and  inadequate  to  convey  the  feelings  that  crowd 
up  for  expression  as  we  realize  that  we  have  to  say 
good-bye  to  Dr.  Fulton  so  soon.  Most  of  us  in  this 
church  have  not  known  her  long,  yet,  as  a  church,  we 

have  come  to  depend  upon  her We 

shall  miss  her  inspiring  presence  in  our  services,  her 
cheering  words  and  unfailing  counsel  in  times  of  per- 
plexity. Our  church  building  yonder  will  remind  us  of 
what  she  has  done  for  us  and  her  life  among  us.  .  .  . 
We  hope  that  the  salubrious  climate  of  the  sunny,  sunny 
land  of  Southern  California  will  do  wonders  for  her 
health.  We  wish  her  a  safe  journey  and  a  pleasant 
stay  in  America.  We  pray  for  her  early  restoration  to 
health  and  hope  that  she  will  come  back  to  us. 


4978  TfT<j?fv43 


J?- 20-95  32] 


Fs  i 


DATE  DUE 


4^ 


HIGHSMITH  #45230 


rilll1liniltenin,'.'7r^^-S>'^*^  Library 


1    1012  01113  2349 


